Calibrating Agency: Human‐Autonomy Teaming and the Future of Work amid Highly Automated Systems

Cesafsky, Laura; Stayton, Erik; Cefkin, Melissa

doi:10.1111/1559-8918.2019.01265

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…At a fundamental level, agency means "having the capacity to alter the course of events in some situation" (Cesafsky et al, 2019). When people feel they have agency, they believe they have some degree of control over the course of their own lives (Bandura, 2001) and that they can take action to get what they want or need (Moore and Fletcher, 2012).…”

Section: What Is Agency and Why Does It Matter?mentioning

confidence: 99%

To use or be used? The role of agency in social media use and well-being

Lee

Ellison

Hancock

2023

Front. Comput. Sci.

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In this paper, we develop the concept of agentic social media use: a way of engaging with social media that emphasizes having the beliefs, knowledge, and practices to use it intentionally. In comparison to instances of “mindless” social media use, people who use social media agentically do so with a purpose in mind: they leverage the affordances of social media to do things that are meaningful, useful, or satisfying for them. For example, people can use social media to intentionally build or manage their relationships, to seek out and learn new information about their interests, or to craft a positive image of themselves through the content they post. Crucially, however, there are many other valuable uses of social media that may not be considered conventionally productive but are nonetheless deliberate and useful, such as using social media intentionally to relax, unwind, and entertain themselves in an effort to modulate their emotions. To use social media agentically means to (1) hold an agentic mindset about one's relationship with social media, (2) have the knowledge and literacy to understand how to navigate social media effectively, and (3) enact practices that assert control over specific elements of social media use, such as curating content and refining algorithmic recommendation. Approaching social media use from the perspective of agency and intentionality allows us to better understand heterogeneous social media effects and to identify new ways of helping people benefit from these technologies.

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Section: What Is Agency and Why Does It Matter?mentioning

confidence: 99%

To use or be used? The role of agency in social media use and well-being

Lee

Ellison

Hancock

2023

Front. Comput. Sci.

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“…The notion that people are able to act upon and make change in the world, and not just be "undergoers of experiences" often goes unnoticed on a conscious level, as it is so deeply ingrained in our everyday thoughts and behaviors [5]. The construct of agency has been defined in a multitude of different ways by researchers with acknowledgement of its polysemic nature [20,22,82]. In general, however, agency can be thought of as the "simple capacity-shared by humans and non-humans alike-to alter the course of events in some situation" [22].…”

Section: Human and Machine Agencymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The construct of agency has been defined in a multitude of different ways by researchers with acknowledgement of its polysemic nature [20,22,82]. In general, however, agency can be thought of as the "simple capacity-shared by humans and non-humans alike-to alter the course of events in some situation" [22].…”

Section: Human and Machine Agencymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These decisions include increasing the transparency and explainability of AI systems or even allowing users to take part in the design of systems themselves [97]. Further, Cesafsky et al [22] claim that what is most important is not that humans necessarily have more agency, but rather that the person understands what the system is doing and what they can do to affect change in the situation. This will be especially important in high-stakes arenas such as the workplace, where attributions of agency (and thus credit or blame) have substantial consequences for the people involved.…”

Section: Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Examining Agency, Expertise, and Roles of AI Systems in AI-Mediated Communication

Mieczkowski¹,

Hancock²

2022

Preprint

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AI-Mediated Communication (AI-MC) occurs when an AI system operates on behalf of an individual in communication between people. Building on literature in psychology and human-machine communication, the following three studies answered two overarching questions: 1) how do people perceive their own agency when an AI system operates on their behalf in interpersonal communication? and 2) how do people perceive the role(s) of the system under these circumstances? Through a think-aloud study, as well as an online experiment, these studies revealed that people strive to maintain their agency in AI-MC, and devise various strategies to do so. Additionally, even though AI systems can play many roles in a communication task, people view them as social actors instead of as extensions of the self, which impacts how they attribute agency and behave in human-AI interactions. Lastly, people show increased reliance on the AI system when they lack expertise, which underlies decreased feelings of agency as well as changes in collaboration dynamics. Taken together, these studies apply research on agency and human-AI interaction to the nascent study of AI-MC. The results provide insights into the effects of AI-involvement and topical expertise on people’s perceptions and behaviors, as well as how they think about the roles of AI systems.

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“…Developing a suitable, effective, and optimal mode of HMT should be seen as an experiential issue that is unique and native to a specific system. It therefore requires, and allows for, more inventive and dynamic agency and trust calibrations than other automation paradigms (Cesafsky, Stayton and Cefkin, 2019).…”

Section: Modes Of Interactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Supporting the Royal Australian Navy's Campaign Plan for Robotics and Autonomous Systems: Human-Machine Teaming and the Future Workforce

2022

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The Royal Australian Navy (RAN) is in the process of modernising its forces to better address the growing challenges being faced by Australia in the Indo-Pacific region. Increased state competition in the region combined with accelerated military modernisation have caused the RAN to consider the use of robotics, autonomous systems, and artificial intelligence (RAS-AI) in maritime roles and missions. Innovative technologies and new ways of conducting military operations will be needed to deliver such systems and, as is highlighted in the 2020 Defence Strategic Update, to 'shape Australia's strategic environment, deliver credible deterrence and respond to challenges to our interests' (Department of Defence, 2020, p. 7).This report is a continuation of work conducted in support of the RAN's RAS-AI Strategy 2040, released in 2020. RAND Australia was asked to provide policy analysis and advice to support development of an actionable RAS-AI Campaign Plan that could assist RAS-AI implementation efforts. Our research team examined three specific areas to support development of an actionable plan: military innovation, a missions and technology assessment for maritime RAS-AI, and human-machine teaming (HMT). This document focuses on the final of the three listed areas. This work should inform the RAN, other Australian Defence services, and Defence more broadly about the implications of HMT for the RAN's future workforce.This work was conducted by RAND Australia. RAND Australia is RAND's Canberrabased subsidiary that analyses defence, national security, economic, and social issues for Australian clients. With a commitment to core values of quality and objectivity, RAND Australia combines local research talent with world-class experts from across RAND's global presence to solve complex Australian public policy problems.

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Calibrating Agency: Human‐Autonomy Teaming and the Future of Work amid Highly Automated Systems

Cited by 5 publications

References 25 publications

To use or be used? The role of agency in social media use and well-being

To use or be used? The role of agency in social media use and well-being

Examining Agency, Expertise, and Roles of AI Systems in AI-Mediated Communication

Supporting the Royal Australian Navy's Campaign Plan for Robotics and Autonomous Systems: Human-Machine Teaming and the Future Workforce

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