Calf health from birth to weaning. II. Management of diarrhoea in pre-weaned calves

Lorenz, I.; Fagan, John; More, Simon J.

doi:10.1186/2046-0481-64-9

Cited by 117 publications

(123 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Neonatal calf diarrhea (NCD), an important infectious disease that affects dairy and beef calves, is considered a worldwide challenge for bovine producers and industry [1]. Nowadays, there is a remarkable interest to promote production efficiency by improving productive intensive systems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Escherichia coli adhesion-related genes in neonatal calf diarrhea in Uruguay

Umpiérrez

Acquistapace²,

Fernández³

et al. 2016

J Infect Dev Ctries

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Introduction: Neonatal calf diarrhea (NCD), one of the most important diseases of neonatal dairy and beef calves in Uruguay, has become relevant in association with intensive systems. This disease generates substantial economic losses every year worldwide as a result of increased morbidity and mortality. Escherichia coli, one of the pathogens associated with NCD, can express several fimbrial and afimbrial adhesins. The objective of this study was to assess the presence of clpG, f5, f17A, f17G(II), and f17G(I) genes that encode three important adhesins expressed in diarrheagenic E. coli: F5, F17 and CS31A, isolated from feces of calves in Uruguay. Methodology: Feces of 86 (70 diarrheic and 16 healthy) calves, from 15 animal facilities in Uruguay, were collected between 2012 and 2013. Biochemical and molecular identification were performed to finally obtain 298 E. coli isolates. Partial amplification of adhesion-related genes was performed by polymerase chain reaction. Results: The most prevalent gene was f17A (31.2%), followed by f17G(II), clpG, f17G(I) and f5 (25.8%, 17.5%, 3.7% and 0.7%, respectively). All genes were present in diarrheic and healthy animals except f5 and f17G(I); these genes were present only in affected calves, although in low numbers. Conclusions: This is the first report of the presence of F5, F17, and CS31A genes in E. coli strains from NCD cases in Uruguay. Prevalence values of the genes, except f5, were in accordance with regional findings. It is expected that further characterization of locally transmitted strains will contribute to control a problem of regional and international magnitude.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Escherichia coli adhesion-related genes in neonatal calf diarrhea in Uruguay

Umpiérrez

Acquistapace²,

Fernández³

et al. 2016

J Infect Dev Ctries

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“…In livestock and companion animals, fluid administration is essential to replace losses from diarrhoea or vomiting, to correct acidosis and to restore electrolytes imbalance. Adequate sodium concentration and appropriate glucose to sodium ratios are the most important components of an efficient rehydration solution (zijlstra et al, 1997;Lorenz et al, 2011). In young animals, administration of fluids can be performed by means of oesophageal catheter; in older animals, intravenous administration is preferable.…”

Section: Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rotavirus infections in domestic animals

Chatzopoulos

Athanasiou

Spyrou

et al. 2017

J Hellenic Vet Med Soc

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ABSTRACT. Rotaviruses are major enteric pathogens of humans and a wide variety of animals. Rotavirus infections have a worldwide prevalence. The viral genome is composed of 11 double-stranded RNA segments with six structural and five or six non-structural proteins. Over 35,000 strains have been identified and classified into five main (A, B, C, D, E) and three additional tentative (F, G, H) serotype groups. A binary classification system has been proposed defining 'G' or 'P' types, with at least 27 G and 35 P genotypes reported thusfar. The virus is transmitted primarily by the faecal-oral and oral routes. After attachment, entry into the host cells occurs through direct entry, fusion or endocytosis. Main mechanisms of Rotavirus-induced diarrhoea involve extensive enterocyte losses and nutrient disdigestion and malabsorption. Clinical features of Rotavirus infections range from asymptomatic infections to fulminant disease leading to rapid death. In calves, lambs and kids, piglets and foals, salient sign of the disease is diarrhoea; diarrhoeic faeces are white, yellow or, in severe cases, blood-tinted or frank haemorrhagic. In dogs and cats, the infection occurs usually as self-limiting diarrhoea. Avian Rotavirus infections are characterized by enteritis, growth depression and/or growth retardation. Definitive diagnosis of the infection can only be achieved by laboratory tests, including electron microscopic examination, immunohistochemical examination, immunofluorescence, ELISA, latex agglutination and molecular techniques. There is no specific treatment against Rotavirus infections. Treatment is based in providing supportive care and managing clinical signs and potential complications. Effective vaccines, containing inactivated, recombinant or attenuated strains of the virus, are available. Challenge studies have shown the ease of the virus in cross-infecting various animal species; animal strains of the virus may cross species and infect humans. Due to the ability of the virus to overcome species barriers, animal strains may act as natural source of viral genomes, promoting mutations and creating new viral genotypes, whose virulence cannot be predictable.

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“…E nteric and respiratory viral infections are among the most common worldwide problems and are being recognized as the major challenge to the livestock sector (Razzaque et al, 2009;Lorenz et al, 2011). Among several causes of acute viral gastroenteritis, rotavirus (RV), a member of the Reoviridae family, is the most prominent cause of neonatal diarrhea worldwide (Estes and Kapikian, 2007), causing up to 25% mortality in young animals (Dhama et al, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of Real-time PCR Assay for Detection of Rotavirus Infection in Diarrheic Bovine Calves

Anamul¹

2015

Adv. Anim. Vet. Sci.

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| Rotavirus infection is widespread and major cause of acute viral gastroenteritis in dairy animals. The study describes development and application of a reverse transcription SYBR green real-time PCR assay system for the detection of group A rotaviruses (RVA) in bovines. The examination of clinical samples (n=80) showed consistent diagnostic specificity and sensitivity of the real-time PCR assay in comparison to a routinely used RNA electrophoresis method. The specificity of the assay was confirmed using other enteric viruses with the melting curve analysis of amplified products. The reproducibility of the assay was proved by low values of coefficient of variation in the intra-(1.7%) and inter-assay (2.4%). In comparison to RNA-PAGE screening method which detected 25% (20/80) positive samples for RVA, the newly developed real-time PCR detected 46.25% (37/80) positive samples for RVA, providing higher sensitivity of the assay developed. Reports on development of real time PCR for detection of RVs in animals are limited and in particular from India are not available for the use of the said test for detection of RVs in bovines. The results indicate use of real-time RT-PCR assay as a method of choice for the specific detection of RVA in field samples and particularly in a situation where a number of other clinically resembling infectious agents like picobirnavirus, coronavirus, calicivirus, and astrovirus are known to coincide as mixed infection.

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Calf health from birth to weaning. II. Management of diarrhoea in pre-weaned calves

Cited by 117 publications

References 48 publications

Prevalence of Escherichia coli adhesion-related genes in neonatal calf diarrhea in Uruguay

Prevalence of Escherichia coli adhesion-related genes in neonatal calf diarrhea in Uruguay

Rotavirus infections in domestic animals

Development of Real-time PCR Assay for Detection of Rotavirus Infection in Diarrheic Bovine Calves

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