Calf Diarrhea Is Associated With a Shift From Obligated to Facultative Anaerobes and Expansion of Lactate-Producing Bacteria

Gómez, Diego E.; Li, Lynna; Goetz, H.M.; MacNicol, Jennifer L.; Gamsjäger, Lisa; Renaud, D.L.

doi:10.3389/fvets.2022.846383

Cited by 17 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…Specifically, a greater richness, evenness, and diversity was present in septic foals compared to healthy ones. These results differed from the current knowledge that a high diversity is associated with healthy GIT in different species 26 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 while a lower diversity is associated with late‐onset sepsis in human neonates. 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 An explanation for high diversity in sick foals could be that healthy foals had a more stable colonic microbiota than septic and SNS foals.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…After DNA extraction, samples were transported overnight to the Environmental Sample Preparation and Sequencing Facility at Argonne National Laboratory for sequencing. Amplification of the V4 region of the 16 S rRNA gene was complete following a previously published PCR protocol 26 . The library pool was sequenced with an Illumina MiSeq for 250 cycles from each end.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Amplification of the V4 region of the 16 S rRNA gene was complete following a previously published PCR protocol. 26 The library pool was sequenced with an Illumina MiSeq for 250 cycles from each end.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The fecal bacterial microbiota of healthy and sick newborn foals

Gómez

Wong

MacNicol

et al. 2022

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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Background: The fecal bacterial microbiota of normal foals and foals with enterocolitis has been characterized using next-generation sequencing technology; however, there are no reports investigating the gut microbiota in foals hospitalized for other perinatal diseases.Objective: To describe and compare the fecal bacterial microbiota in healthy and sick foals using next-generation sequencing techniques. Animals: Hospitalized (17) and healthy foals (21).Methods: Case-control study. Fecal samples were collected from healthy and sick foals on admission. Sick foals were further divided into sick nonseptic (SNS, n = 9) and septic (n = 8) foals. After extraction of DNA, the V4 region of the 16 S rRNA gene was amplified using a PCR assay, and the final product was sequenced with an Illumina MiSeq.Results: Diversity was significantly lower in healthy than sick foals (P < .05). The bacterial membership (Jaccard index) and structure (Yue & Clayton index) of the fecal microbiota of healthy, septic, and SNS foals were similar (AMOVA, P > .05). Bacterial membership (AMOVA, P = .06) and structure (AMOVA, P = .33) were not different between healthy and sick foals. Enterobacteriaceae, Enterococcus, and Streptococcus were among the 5 more abundant taxa identified in both groups.Conclusion and Clinical Importance: Higher fecal microbiota diversity in sick than healthy foals might suggest a high exposure to environmental microorganisms or an unstable colonic microbiota. The presence of microorganisms causing bacteremia in foals in a high relative abundance in the feces of foals suggests the intestine might play an essential role in the causation of bacteremia in foals.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The fecal bacterial microbiota of healthy and sick newborn foals

Gómez

Wong

MacNicol

et al. 2022

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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“…There is an urgent need for more scienti c data allowing to de ne best practices for the treatment of neonatal calf diarrhea (Eibl et al 2021). In healthy calves, it has been well known that the gut microbiota shows a higher richness, evenness and diversity in comparison to diarrheic calves (Gomez et al 2022).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enterocytozoon bieneusi in fecal samples from calves and cows in Austria

Lichtmannsperger

Harl

Roehl

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Enterocytozoon bieneusi is an obligate intracellular pathogen that infects livestock, companion animals and wildlife and has the potential to cause severe diarrhea especially in immunocompromised humans. In the underlying study, fecal samples from 177 calves with diarrhea and 174 adult cows originating from 70 and 18 farms, respectively, in Austria were examined for the presence of E. bieneusi by polymerase chain reaction targeting the Internal Transcribed Spacer 1 (ITS1) region. All positive samples were further sequenced for genotype determination. Overall, sixteen of the 351 (4.6%) samples were positive for E. bieneusi, two of the 174 samples from cows (1.2%) and 14 of the 177 samples from calves (7.9%). In total, four genotypes, BEB1 (n = 2), BEB2 (n = 12), BEB4 (n = 3) and BEB8 (n = 1), were identified. Two of the E. bieneusi positive calves showed an infection with two different genotypes. E. bieneusi occurred significantly more often in calves >3 weeks (8/59) than in calves ≤3 weeks (6/118) , respectively (p = 0.049). Calves with a known history of antimicrobial treatment (50 of 177 calves) shed E. bieneusi significantly more often than untreated calves (p = 0.012). There was no statistically significant difference in E. bieneusi shedding in calves with or without a medical history of antiparasitic treatment (p = 0.881). Calves showing a co-infection with Eimeria spp. shed E. bieneusi significantly more often than uninfected calves (p = 0.003). To our knowledge, this is the first report of E. bieneusi in cattle in Austria. Cattle should be considered as a reservoir for human infection since potentially zoonotic E. bieneusi genotypes were detected.

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“…Samples were processed with a previously described protocol 9 . Briefly, after thawing, bacterial DNA was extracted with the E.Z.N.A Stool DNA Kit following the manufacturer's protocol.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of time of sample collection after onset of diarrhea on fecal microbiota composition of calves

Renaud

Goetz

et al. 2023

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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Background The effect of time of sample collection after onset of diarrhea on the fecal microbiota composition of calves is unknown. Objective Compare the fecal microbiota of calves with diarrhea onset on the day of sampling (D <24h), and calves having had diarrhea for >24 to 48 hours (D 24‐48h). Animals Thirty‐one diarrheic calves (20 D <24h and 11 D 24‐48h), 3 to 7 days of age. Methods Cross‐sectional study. Diarrhea was defined as a calf with loose feces or watery feces. Assessment of the fecal microbiota was performed by sequencing of 16S ribosomal RNA gene amplicons. Results Richness and diversity were not statistically different between D <24h and D 24‐48h (P > .05), but bacterial membership and structure differed significantly (AMOVA, P < .001 for both comparisons). Linear discriminant analysis effect size (LefSe) showed an enrichment of Faecalibacterium, Phocaeicola, Lachnospiracea, and Lactobacillus in the feces of D <24h calves, whereas Escherichia/Shigella, Ligilactobacillus, Clostridium_Sensu_Stricto, Clostridium_Incerta_Sedis, and Enterococcus were enriched in the D 24‐48h calves. Conclusion and Clinical Importance Rapid changes in fecal microbiota occur during the first 48 hours of diarrhea with an enrichment of lactic acid‐producing bacteria in D <24h followed by an enrichment in Escherichia/Shigella and Clostridium spp. in D 24‐48h. The time from diarrhea onset to sampling appears to affect the bacterial composition. Researchers should standardize times for fecal collection based on the time of diarrhea.

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Calf Diarrhea Is Associated With a Shift From Obligated to Facultative Anaerobes and Expansion of Lactate-Producing Bacteria

Cited by 17 publications

References 55 publications

The fecal bacterial microbiota of healthy and sick newborn foals

The fecal bacterial microbiota of healthy and sick newborn foals

Enterocytozoon bieneusi in fecal samples from calves and cows in Austria

Effect of time of sample collection after onset of diarrhea on fecal microbiota composition of calves

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