Calendula officinalis green-mediated silver nanoparticles: Formulation, characterization and assessment of colorectal cancer activities green-mediated silver nanoparticles.

Abstract

IntroductionThe biosynthesis of metal nanoparticles using medicinal plants is not only economical but also environmentally friendly as well as having miscellaneous biomedical applications. In the present study, silver nanoparticles were green-synthesized using the aqueous extract of Calendula officinalis.Material and methodsThe synthesized AgNPs@Calendula officinalis were characterized by analytical techniques including EDX, FE-SEM, XRD, UV-Vis., and FT-IR. The anti-human colorectal cancer activities of AgNPs@Calendula officinalis were evaluated using MTT assay.ResultsThe nanoparticles were formed in a spherical shape in the range of 38.05 to 75.41 nm for the particle size. On the other hand, the MTT assay was run to evaluate anti colorectal cancer activity of AgNPs@Calendula officinalis. In the cellular and molecular part of the recent study, the treated cells with AgNPs@Calendula officinalis were assessed by MTT assay for 48 h about the cytotoxicity and anti-human colorectal carcinoma properties on normal (HUVEC) and colorectal carcinoma cell lines i.e. WiDr, SW1417 [SW-1417], and DLD-1. In the antioxidant test, the IC50 of AgNPs@Calendula officinalis and BHT against DPPH free radicals were 222 and 124 µg/mL, respectively. The viability of malignant colorectal cell line reduced dose-dependently in the presence of AgNPs@Calendula officinalis. The IC50 of AgNPs@Calendula officinalis were 430, 326, and 392 µg/mL against WiDr, SW1417 [SW-1417], and DLD-1 cell lines, respectively.ConclusionsAfter the clinical study, silver nanoparticles containing Calendula officinalis leaf aqueous extract may be used to formulate a new chemotherapeutic drug or supplement to treat the several types of human colorectal carcinoma.

Silver nanoparticles initiation using Calendula officinalis L. hairy root extracts

“…Silver nanoparticles were previously obtained by different groups of researchers using extracts from C. officinalis plants. Silver nanoparticles are usually obtained by reacting plant extracts with silver nitrate solution (El-Kemary et al, 2016;Xu et al, 2021;Asif et al, 2022;Liaqat et al, 2022). However, it was shown that such NPs can also be obtained using a solution of silver sulfate (Olfati et al, 2021).…”

“…However, it was shown that such NPs can also be obtained using a solution of silver sulfate (Olfati et al, 2021). Dried leaves or flowers (El-Kemary et al, 2016;Olfati et al, 2021;Xu et al, 2021;Balciunaitiene et al, 2022) were used for this purpose. At the same time, until now, the hairy roots of these plants have not been used to obtain silver nanoparticles.…”

“…In our work, we did not study the bioactivity of the obtained AgNPs, but such work is of interest and will be conducted. The expediency of such an analysis emerges from the results of a number of publications regarding the presence, for example, of antimicrobial (Olfati et al, 2021;Asif et al, 2022;Liaqat et al, 2022;Giri et al, 2022) and antitumor activity (Xu et al, 2021) of silver nanoparticles obtained using C. officinalis plants.…”

A Review on Traditional Uses, Phytochemistry and Pharmacological Activities of Calendula officinalis Linn

“…115 The anti-colorectal cancer activity of silver nano-particles of C.officinalis was evaluated against MTT assays which decreased the colorectal cell lines. 4 The cytotoxic activity of some isolated compounds like lutein, lupeol, and eugenols were evaluated by MTT assays against breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231) and normal breast cell line (MCF 10A). The messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) expression level of p53, caspase-3, and bax genes were measured which were found to increase in both cancer cells, and B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) gene expression deduced in treated breast cancer cells.…”

“…[1][2][3] The name calendula comes from the Latin word "calendas," which means "first of the month." 4 The term marigold comes from calendula, which was formerly known as "gold's" and was connected to Queen Mary and the Virgin Mary. 5 C. officinalis is sessile, hispid, acute, oblanceolate, annual, or biennial herbaceous plant that is between 30 and 60 centimeters height.…”