Caldera-scale inflation of the Lazufre volcanic area, South America: Evidence from InSAR

Ruch, J.; Anderssohn, J.; Walter, Thomas R.; Motagh, Mahdi

doi:10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2008.03.009

Cited by 41 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 36 publications

(51 reference statements)

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“…All of the deformation signals attributed to magmatic processes detected thus far are smaller than the footprint of TOPS mode Sentinel-1 imagery (~250 km), although several exceed the area of higher resolution instruments, such as COSMOSkyMed and TerraSAR-X (e.g., at Uturuncu, Lazufre, Lassen, Fig. 5B, Pritchard & Simons, 2004;Ruch et al, 2008;Parker et al, 2016). For most displacement footprints 'offset' by <5 km, the volcano itself lies within the deformation footprint, but at greater offsets, a higher proportion of displacement footprints would not be detectable in measurements on the volcano's edifice itself, where ground-based instruments would usually be located (Fig.…”

Section: Spatial Properties Of Volcanic and Magmatic Insar Signalsmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…At volcanic arcs InSAR measurements have provided evidence for deformation sources at a range of depths (e.g., Lu & Dzurisin, 2014), including the growth of mid-to lower crustal plutons (e.g., Pritchard & Simons, 2004;Ruch et al, 2008) and shallow, extensive bodies aligned with the arc azimuth that subside during great earthquakes Takada and Fukushima, 2013). Both long term (e.g., Parker et al, 2014) and transient subsidence (Caricchi et al, 2014) have been interpreted in terms of phase changes related to the cooling of an intrusion.…”

Section: Insights From Global Insar Volcano Deformation Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Synthesis of global satellite observations of magmatic and volcanic deformation: implications for volcano monitoring & the lateral extent of magmatic domains

et al. 2018

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Global Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) measurements made over the past decades provide insights into the lateral extent of magmatic domains, and capture volcanic process on scales useful for volcano monitoring. Satellite-based SAR imagery has great potential for monitoring topographic change, the distribution of eruptive products and surface displacements (InSAR) at subaerial volcanoes. However, there are challenges in applying it routinely, as would be required for the reliable operational assessment of hazard. The deformation detectable depends upon satellite repeat time and swath widths, relative to the spatial and temporal scales of volcanological processes. We describe the characteristics of InSAR-measured volcano deformation over the past two decades, highlighting both the technique's capabilities and its limitations as a monitoring tool. To achieve this, we draw on two global datasets of volcano deformation: the Smithsonian Institution Volcanoes of the World database and the Centre for the Observation and Modelling of Earthquakes, Volcanoes and Tectonics volcano deformation catalogue, as well as compiling some measurement characteristics and interpretations from the primary literature. We find that a higher proportion of InSAR observations capture non-eruptive and non-magmatic processes than those from ground-based instrument networks, and that both transient (< month) and long-duration (> 5 years) deformation episodes are under-represented. However, satellite radar is already used to assess the development of extended periods of unrest and long-lasting eruptions, and improved spatial resolution and coverage have resulted in the detection of previously unrecognised deformation at both ends of the spatial scale (~10 to > 1000 km 2 ). 'Baseline' records of past InSAR measurements, including 'null' results, are fundamental for any future interpretation of interferograms in terms of hazard‚ both by providing information about past deformation at an individual volcano, and for assessing the characteristics of deformation that are likely to be detectable (and undetectable) using InSAR. More than half of all InSAR deformation signals attributed to magmatic processes have sources in the shallow crust (< 5 km depth). While the depth distribution of InSAR-derived deformation sources is affected by measurement limitations, their lateral distribution provides information about the extent of active magmatic domains. Deformation is common (24% of all potentially magmatic events) at loci ≥5 km away from the nearest active volcanic vent. This demonstrates that laterally extensive active magmatic domains are not exceptional, but can comprise the shallowest part of trans-crustal magmatic systems in a range of volcanic settings.

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Section: Spatial Properties Of Volcanic and Magmatic Insar Signalsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Insights From Global Insar Volcano Deformation Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of global satellite observations of magmatic and volcanic deformation: implications for volcano monitoring & the lateral extent of magmatic domains

et al. 2018

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“…Crustal thickening in the Altiplano-Puna [ De Silva, 1989] has provided large volumes of melt to fuel catastrophic caldera-forming eruptions over the past 20 million years, and several collapsed calderas (remnants of these massive eruptions) are visible throughout the region. Lazufre itself is not associated with a particular caldera; however, the broad uplift pattern (approximately 30 km wide) suggests a magma body comparable in size to other known supervolcanoes such as Yellowstone and Long Valley [Ruch et al, 2008]. The area contains several distinct volcanoes, including the Lastarria volcano, which shows fumarolic activity [Naranjo and Francis, 1987;De Silva and Francis, 1991].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Their time series shows an uplift rate that is fairly steady, possibly with a slight increase in rate over time. Ruch et al [2008] inverted subsets of their stack of interferograms spanning [2003][2004][2005][2006] and concluded that the magmatic source is actually expanding laterally at a rate of about 4 km/yr.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Source model of deformation at Lazufre volcanic center, central Andes, constrained by InSAR time series

Pearse

Lundgren

2013

Geophysical Research Letters

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[1] Recent interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) observations of the Lazufre region, central Andes, show large-scale uplift at a rate of about 3 cm/yr, beginning between 1998 and 2002. The initiation of this activity during the ERS satellite mission and its proximity to active volcanoes have made Lazufre the focus of several studies aimed at understanding its source geometry, its relation to nearby volcanoes, and whether or not the source area is expanding. There now exists a longer time series from multiple ERS/ENVISAT satellite tracks that allows a more comprehensive examination of the source geometry and its temporal and spatial variation, if any. We processed 15 years of InSAR data from three separate tracks; modeling the different look geometries provided greater resolution of source depth and geometry. We conclude that the source is a shallowly dipping sill at a depth of about 8 km, with no evidence of lateral expansion. Citation: Pearse, J., and P. Lundgren (2013), Source model of deformation at Lazufre volcanic center, central Andes, constrained by InSAR time series,

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“…Yet, it should be mentioned that volcanic unrest -involving seismicity and ground deformation -has been documented for some caldera systems in the world (e.g., Newhall and Dzurisin, 1988;Waite and Smith, 2002;Hill, 2006;Wicks et al, 2006;Troise et al, 2007). As an Andean example, caldera-scale ground deformation (involving an area ∼1100 km 2 ) at the Lazufre volcanic center, documented by Interferometric Synthethic Radar (InSAR) studies, has been inferred to represent inflation of a subsurface magma reservoir (Froger et al, 2007;Ruch et al, 2008).…”

Section: Pre-holocene Andean "Super Eruptions"mentioning

confidence: 99%

Volcanism and associated hazards: the Andean perspective

Tilling

2009

Adv. Geosci.

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Andean volcanism occurs within the Andean Volcanic Arc (AVA), which is the product of subduction of the Nazca Plate and Antarctica Plates beneath the South America Plate. The AVA is Earth's longest but discontinuous continental-margin volcanic arc, which consists of four distinct segments: Northern Volcanic Zone, Central Volcanic Zone, Southern Volcanic Zone, and Austral Volcanic Zone. These segments are separated by volcanically inactive gaps that are inferred to indicate regions where the dips of the subducting plates are too shallow to favor the magma generation needed to sustain volcanism. The Andes host more volcanoes that have been active during the Holocene (past 10 000 years) than any other volcanic region in the world, as well as giant caldera systems that have produced 6 of the 47 largest explosive eruptions (so-called "super eruptions") recognized worldwide that have occurred from the Ordovician to the Pleistocene. The Andean region's most powerful historical explosive eruption occurred in 1600 at Huaynaputina Volcano (Peru). The impacts of this event, whose eruptive volume exceeded 11 km3, were widespread, with distal ashfall reported at distances >1000 km away. Despite the huge size of the Huaynaputina eruption, human fatalities from hazardous processes (pyroclastic flows, ashfalls, volcanogenic earthquakes, and lahars) were comparatively small owing to the low population density at the time. In contrast, lahars generated by a much smaller eruption (<0.05 km3) in 1985 of Nevado del Ruiz (Colombia) killed about 25 000 people – the worst volcanic disaster in the Andean region as well as the second worst in the world in the 20th century. The Ruiz tragedy has been attributed largely to ineffective communications of hazards information and indecisiveness by government officials, rather than any major deficiencies in scientific data. Ruiz's disastrous outcome, however, together with responses to subsequent hazardous eruptions in Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru has spurred significant improvements in reducing volcano risk in the Andean region. But much remains to be done

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Caldera-scale inflation of the Lazufre volcanic area, South America: Evidence from InSAR

Cited by 41 publications

References 36 publications

Synthesis of global satellite observations of magmatic and volcanic deformation: implications for volcano monitoring & the lateral extent of magmatic domains

Synthesis of global satellite observations of magmatic and volcanic deformation: implications for volcano monitoring & the lateral extent of magmatic domains

Source model of deformation at Lazufre volcanic center, central Andes, constrained by InSAR time series

Volcanism and associated hazards: the Andean perspective

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