Calculations of and effects on quantitative limits for multivariate analyses of geological materials with laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy

Atomic spectrometry update – a review of advances in environmental analysis

“…The LOD was 6.36 μg g −1 . Of great relevance was a study 236 on how best to quantify measurement limits when analysing geological materials using multivariate analysis modelling techniques. The aim was to provide a template for calculating LOQs based on multivariate LIBS regression models and to understand how this value was affected by factors such as instrumentation, method of outlier removal and different atmospheres (air, vacuum or simulated Martian conditions relevant to the ChemCam instrumentation).…”

“…The determination of 236 U/ 238 U ratios in seawater and marine corals by MC-ICP-MS was improved 106 by adding a secondary electron multiplier to the instrument. The detector was tted with a retarding-potential quadrupole lens that reduced the size of the 238 U tail signal on the 236 U signal, so the abundance sensitivity of 238 U at m/z 236 improved from 10 −6 to 10 −10 . As a result, the sample mass required for successful analysis (0.7 mg U) was 60-to 100-fold lower than that required for ICP-MS or AMS procedures.…”

High-accuracy quantitative analysis of coal by small sample modelling algorithm based laser induced breakdown spectroscopy

“…In some reported studies, the principal component loadings or PLS model coefficients associated with major factors are used to analyze the relationship between the prediction model and the subject indicators. [21][22][23][24] In Clegg's work, the regression coefficients for Si quantitative analysis in geological samples were generated, then the PLS algorithm successfully identied a correlation with the typical Si emission lines and the matrix elements are also identied by the regression plot. 21 In order to understand the change of model weight coefficients with the increase of sample size in these two methods, the sum of weight coefficients (SWCs) in the model matrices associated with the reference element emission lines are calculated, for which not only the atomic and molecular emissions such as C, CN and C 2 related carbon content but also the emissions of Mg I, Al I, Si I, Fe I and Ca I related to ash are taken into account.…”

Effect of target thickness and laser irradiance on the back-reflection-enhanced laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy signal in glass

“…Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) is a spectrochemical analytical technique used for the elemental analysis of any target material, whether gas, liquid, or solid 1 – 3 . Since the early emergence of LIBS in 1982, the technique has been applied in numerous fields, industrial 4 – 6 , biology 7 , medicine 8 , environmental 9 , 10 , forensic 11 , 12 , archeological 13 , 14 , geology 15 , 16 , etc. Details of the fundamentals and applications of LIBS can be found in many published books 17 , 18 and review papers 19 – 21 .…”