Calculation of the Stopping-Muon Rate Underground

Cassiday, G. L.; Keuffel, J. W.; Thompson, J.

doi:10.1103/physrevd.7.2022

Cited by 20 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Here I µ (h) is in cm −2 s −1 sr −1 and h (the depth in standard rock) is in hg/cm 2 (1 hg/cm 2 = 1 m w.e.). The fit (7.1) is in good agreement with the result of the Utah group [32]. As Figs.…”

Section: A Early Underground Experimentssupporting

confidence: 84%

Atmospheric muon flux at sea level, underground, and underwater

et al. 1998

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The vertical sea-level muon spectrum at energies above 1 GeV and the muon intensities at depths up to 18 km w.e. in different rocks and in water are calculated. The results are particularly collated with a great body of the ground-level, underground, and underwater muon data. In the hadron-cascade calculations, we take into account the logarithmic growth with energy of inelastic cross sections and pion, kaon, and nucleon generation in pion-nucleus collisions. For evaluating the prompt muon contribution to the muon flux, we apply the two phenomenological approaches to the charm production problem: the recombination quark-parton model and the quark-gluon string model. We give simple fitting formulas describing our numerical results. To solve the muon transport equation at large depths of a homogeneous medium, we use a semianalytical method, which allows the inclusion of an arbitrary (decreasing) muon spectrum at the medium boundary and real energy dependence of muon energy losses. Our analysis shows that at the depths up to 6-7 km w.e., essentially all underground data on the muon flux correlate with each other and with the predicted one for conventional (π, K)-muons, to within 10 %. However, the high-energy sea-level muon data as well as the data at high depths are contradictory and cannot be quantitatively described by a single nuclear-cascade model.

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Section: A Early Underground Experimentssupporting

confidence: 84%

Atmospheric muon flux at sea level, underground, and underwater

et al. 1998

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“…Groom et al proposed a model [3] to fit the experimental data to a depth-intensity-relation (DIR), appropriate for the range (1-10 km.w.e. ):…”

Section: Differential Muon Intensity Versus Slant Depthmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is customary to quote results in terms of the ratio, R, of stopping muons to throughgoing muons. A detailed calculation is provided by Cassiday et al [3]. The total ratio, Rh, of stopping muons to throughgoing muons (vertical direction) at different depths can be parametrized as [14] Rh…”

Section: B Stopping-muon Intensitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Muon-induced background study for underground laboratories

2006

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We provide a comprehensive study of the cosmic-ray muon flux and induced activity as a function of overburden along with a convenient parametrization of the salient fluxes and differential distributions for a suite of underground laboratories ranging in depth from 1 to 8 km.w.e.. Particular attention is given to the muon-induced fast neutron activity for the underground sites and we develop a depth-sensitivity relation to characterize the effect of such background in experiments searching for WIMP dark matter and neutrinoless double-beta decay.

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“…The ratio of stopping to through-going muons at 300 mwe has been calculated to be 6×10 −3 /m [38]. The flux of cosmic rays entering a detector under 300 mwe overburden is 0.5 µ/m 2 /s.…”

Section: Michel Electronsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Precision measurement ofsin2θWat a reactor

2005

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This paper presents a strategy for measuring sin 2 θW to ∼1% at a reactor-based experiment, using νe elastic scattering. This error is comparable to the NuTeV, SLAC E158, and APV results on sin 2 θW , but with substantially different systematic contributions. The measurement can be performed using the near detector of the presently proposed reactor-based oscillation experiments. We conclude that an absolute error of ∼ δ(sin 2 θW ) = 0.0019 may be achieved. This paper outlines a method for measuring sin 2 θ W (Q 2 ≈ 0) at a reactor-based experiment. The study is motivated by the NuTeV result, a 3σ deviation of sin 2 θ W from the Standard Model prediction [1], measured in deep inelastic neutrino scattering (Q 2 = 1 to 140 GeV 2 , Q 2 ν = 26 GeV 2 , Q 2 ν = 15 GeV 2 ). Various Beyond-the-Standard Model explanations have been put forward [2,3,4], and, to fully resolve the issue, many require a follow-up experiment which probes the neutral weak couplings specifically with neutrinos, such as the one described here.This proposed measurement is also interesting as an additional precision study at Q 2 = 4×10 −6 GeV 2 . The two existing low Q 2 measurements are from atomic parity violation (APV) [5], which samples Q 2 ∼ 10 −10 GeV 2 ; and SLAC E158, a Møller scattering experiment at average Q 2 = 0.026 GeV 2 [6]. Using the measurements at the Z-pole with Q 2 = M 2 z to fix the value of sin 2 θ W , and evolving to low Q 2 , Fig. 1 shows that these results are in agreement with the Standard Model. However, the radiative corrections to neutrino interactions allow sensitivity to high mass particles which are complementary to the APV and Møller scattering corrections. Thus, this proposed measurement will provide valuable additional information.The technique we employ uses the rate of the purely leptonic νe scattering to measure sin 2 θ W . This signal was first detected by Reines, Gurr, and Sobel [7], who measured sin 2 θ W = 0.29 ± 0.05. In this paper, we explore what is necessary to improve on their idea and make a competitive measurement today. One important step is to normalize the νe "elastic scatters" using the νp inverse beta decay events, to reduce the error on the flux. Other crucial improvements are that the detector is located beneath an overburden of ∼300 mwe (meters, water-equivalent) and built in a clean environment. We find that a measurement of ±0.0020 is achievable. This is comparable to the NuTeV error of ±0.00164, and may help clarify the theoretical situation, as shown in references [8,9].The proposed design employs spherical scintillator oil detectors similar to those used by CHOOZ [10] and by other experiments which have been proposed to measure the oscillation parameter θ 13 [11].This style of detector has been optimized to reconstruct νp → e + n events, which dominate the rate when

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Calculation of the Stopping-Muon Rate Underground

Cited by 20 publications

References 21 publications

Atmospheric muon flux at sea level, underground, and underwater

Atmospheric muon flux at sea level, underground, and underwater

Muon-induced background study for underground laboratories

Precision measurement ofsin2θWat a reactor

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Calculation of the Stopping-Muon Rate Underground

Cited by 20 publications

References 21 publications

Atmospheric muon flux at sea level, underground, and underwater

Atmospheric muon flux at sea level, underground, and underwater

Muon-induced background study for underground laboratories

Precision measurement ofsin﻿2θWat a reactor

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Product

Resources

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Precision measurement ofsin2θWat a reactor