Calculation of the flow through a horizontal ceilingfloor vent

Cooper, Leonard Y.

doi:10.6028/nist.ir.89-4052

Cited by 26 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 4 publications

(6 reference statements)

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“…No pretense is made of being able to do this instability calculation analyti cally. Cooper's algorithm [42] is used for computing mass flow through ceiling and floor vents. It is based on correlations to model the unsteady component of the flow.…”

Section: Vertical Flow Through Horizontal Ventsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

CFAST – Consolidated Model of Fire Growth and Smoke Transport (Version 6) Technical Reference Guide

Peacock¹,

Forney²,

Reneke³

2013

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DisclaimerThe U. S. Department of Commerce makes no warranty, expressed or implied, to users of CFAST and associated computer programs, and accepts no responsibility for its use. Users of CFAST assume sole responsibility under Federal law for determining the appropriateness of its use in any particular application; for any conclusions drawn from the results of its use; and for any actions taken or not taken as a result of analyses performed using these tools. CFAST is intended for use only by those competent in the field of fire safety and is intended only to supplement the informed judgment of a qualified user. The software package is a computer model which may or may not have predictive value when applied to a specific set of factual circumstances. Lack of accurate predictions by the model could lead to erroneous conclusions with regard to fire safety. All results should be evaluated by an informed user.iii iv Intent and UseThe algorithms, procedures, and computer programs described in this report constitute a method ology for predicting some of the consequences resulting from a prescribed fire. They have been compiled from the best knowledge and understanding currently available, but have important lim itations that must be understood and considered by the user. The program is intended for use by persons competent in the field of fire safety and with some familiarity with personal computers. It is intended as an aid in the fire safety decision-making process. v vi PrefaceCFAST is a two-zone fire model used to calculate the evolving distribution of smoke, fire gases and temperature throughout compartments of a constructed facility during a fire. In CFAST, each compartment is divided into two gas layers.The modeling equations used in CFAST take the mathematical form of an initial value problem for a system of ordinary differential equations (ODEs). These equations are derived using the conservation of mass, the conservation of energy (equivalently the first law of thermodynamics), the ideal gas law and relations for density and internal energy. These equations predict as functions of time quantities such as pressure, layer height and temperatures given the accumulation of mass and enthalpy in the two layers. The CFAST model then consists of a set of ODEs to compute the environment in each compartment and a collection of algorithms to compute the mass and enthalpy source terms required by the ODEs.In general, this document provides the technical documentation for CFAST along with sig nificant information on validation of the model. It follows the ASTM E1355 guide for model assessment. The guide provides several areas of evaluation:• Model and scenarios definition: CFAST is designed primarily to predict the environment within compartmented structures which results from unwanted fires. These can range from very small containment vessels, on the order of 1 m 3 to large spaces on the order of 1000 m 3 . The appropriate size fire for a given application depends on the size of the compartment being modeled. A range of...

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Section: Vertical Flow Through Horizontal Ventsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The second is an exchange flow based on the relative densities of the gases. The overall flow is given by [42,43,44]…”

Section: Vertical Flow Through Horizontal Ventsmentioning

confidence: 99%

CFAST – Consolidated Model of Fire Growth and Smoke Transport (Version 6) Technical Reference Guide

Peacock¹,

Forney²,

Reneke³

2013

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show abstract

“…We make no pretense of being able to do this instability calculation analytically. We use Cooper's algorithm [29] for computing mass flow through ceiling and floor vents. It is based on correlations to model the unsteady component of the flow.…”

Section: Vertical Flow Through Horizontal Ventsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Verification and validation of CFAST :

Jones¹,

Peacock²,

Forney³

et al. 2004

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CFAST is a zone model capable of predicting the environment in a multi-compartment structure subjected to a fire. It calculates the time evolving distribution of smoke and fire gases and the temperature throughout a building during a user-specified fire. This report describes the equations which constitute the model, the physical basis for these equations, data which are used by the model, and details of the operation of the computer program implementing the model. This paper is an assessment of the model following the template set forth in ASTM 1355, "Standard Guide for Evaluating the Predictive Capability of Deterministic Fire Models." We include in this paper a set of comparisons between the model and a range of real-scale fire experiments is presented as the validation exercise require by the standard. In addition, we have developed a means to do a quantitative comparison between the time series represented by these predictions and those found in experiments.

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“…Cooper [33] developed a semi-empirical correlation for ceiling vents in which the volumetric flow rates upwards and downwards are functions of both pressure and density differences:…”

Section: Horizontally-oriented Vents (Ceiling Vents)mentioning

confidence: 99%

CFAST – Consolidated Model of Fire Growth and Smoke Transport (Version 7) Volume 1: Technical Reference Guide

Peacock¹,

McGrattan²,

Forney³

et al. 2015

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Calculation of the flow through a horizontal ceilingfloor vent

Abstract: , when the Omnibus Trade and Competitiveness Act was signed. NIST retains all NBS functions. Its new programs will encourage improved use of technology by U.S. industry.

Cited by 26 publications

References 4 publications

CFAST – Consolidated Model of Fire Growth and Smoke Transport (Version 6) Technical Reference Guide

CFAST – Consolidated Model of Fire Growth and Smoke Transport (Version 6) Technical Reference Guide

Verification and validation of CFAST :

CFAST – Consolidated Model of Fire Growth and Smoke Transport (Version 7) Volume 1: Technical Reference Guide

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