Calculation of the absolute peak efficiency of gamma-ray detectors for different counting geometries

Moëns, Luc; Donder, J. De; Lin, Xucong; Corte, F. De; Wispelaere, A. De; Simonits, A.; Hoste, J.

doi:10.1016/0029-554x(81)90374-8

Cited by 306 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The calibration of the moderated 3 He proportional counter was made by measurement on the sea level ground, where the cosmic neutron dose rate has been determined in our previous study [6]. The absolute peak efficiency of the HPGe detector with respective to the earth distributed source or to the ground surface source was determined by the effective solid angle concept proposed by Moens et al [7,8], according to which the absolute peak efficiency of the HPGe detector to a distributed source can be calculated from the measured reference point-source efficiency multiplied by the ratio of effective solid angle subtended by the detecor over the distributed source to that subtended by the detector at the reference point source.…”

Section: Calibration Of Detectorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A real-time multichannel detector system for large-scale environmental radiation survey

Liang

Chen

Lin

et al. 2014

Progress in Nuclear Science and Technology

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In this work, we established a real-time multichannel detector system for large-scale environmental radiation survey. The system consists of a Berkeley Lab cosmic-ray detector for the measurement of muons, a moderated 3 He detector for neutrons, a NaI(Tl) as well as a HPGe spectrometer for terrestrial gamma rays, and a high pressure ionization chamber, which responses to both cosmic rays and terrestrial gamma rays. The measured data of these five detector channels as well as signals from a global position system are acquired and displayed by a LabVIEW program on a notebook computer every one minute (10 min for HPGe and 20 min for NaI(Tl) gamma-ray spectrometers). The advantage and merit of this multichannel detector system have been demonstrated by test runs with the equipment set up both on a train and on a bus to show in real time the variation of cosmic-ray intensity as a function of altitude and the gamma-ray dose rates as well as the relative concentrations of the natural radioactive elements over a large survey area. This real-time multichannel detector system was originally developed for natural background radiation measurements for popular science education to general public, however, due to the specific features of each detector of the system it appears to be an ideal system for radiation survey over a large radiation polluted or contaminated area resulted from a severe nuclear accident, such as Fukushima Dai-Ichi Nuclear Power Plant accident.

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Section: Calibration Of Detectorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A real-time multichannel detector system for large-scale environmental radiation survey

Liang

Chen

Lin

et al. 2014

Progress in Nuclear Science and Technology

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“…The backside of the foils at the angles of 45° and 135° was covered with Aldrich cadmium foil with a purity of 99.9998% and dimensions of 2.5×2.5×0.15 cm 3 . This was done to protect these copper foils from activation due to neutrons which did not come directly from the sample.…”

Section: Sample Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In step three, the effective geometric counting efficiency of the detector for the sample is calculated, using the simulated n(r), taking the gamma-attenuation in the sample material into account. Basically, MOENS' effective solid-angle method 3 is applied for each volume voxel, the resulting correction factor multiplied with the local neutron density, and the volume integral taken. The result is a photon-energy dependent correction factor that takes both neutron self-shielding and gamma self-absorption into account.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Validation experiment for large-sample prompt-gamma neutron activation analysis

Blaauw

Degenaar

Yonezawa³

et al. 2007

J Radioanal Nucl Chem

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A method is proposed for the implementation of large-sample prompt-gamma neutron activation analysis (LS-PGNAA). The method was tested with four different sample materials at the thermal PGNAA facility at JAERI, Japan. The macroscopic scattering cross section (Σ s ) and absorption cross section (Σ a ) of the samples were determined by monitoring the neutron flux in four positions just outside the sample container. With the Σ s and Σ a determined, the spatial neutron density distribution [n(r)] inside the sample material was derived. Taking n(r) and the gamma-ray selfabsorption into account simultaneously, the effective geometric gamma-ray detection efficiency for large samples as a function of gamma-ray energy was calculated. Taking silicon as test element, the concentrations found agreed to within 7% with the known concentrations in the four sample materials examined, both when using relative standardization and with absolute standardization.

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“…of Engineering Physics, École Polytechnique de Montréal), using their equipment. It uses gamma ray emission, transmission and detection, a technique often used in others industrial processes (Moens 1981). Gamma rays are used instead of x-ray devices (e.g.…”

Section: Testing Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Properties of Treatment Sludge During Sedimentation and Consolidation Tests

Pedroni¹,

Dromer²,

Aubertin³

et al. 2006

ASMR

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Abstract. Sedimentation and consolidation tests have been conducted on sludge produced from an acid mine drainage (AMD) treatment plant. The testing program involved the development of a new laboratory system, designed and constructed to assess the specific properties of low density slurry. During the instrumented large size column tests, the evolution of sedimentation and hydrodynamic consolidation was monitored with optical observation of the solidliquid interface, evaluation of density  with gamma ray sensors, and measurement of pore pressure u using transducers. At the end of each test, physical and geotechnical properties of the resulting sludge were measured. In this paper, the authors will present a brief overview of the set up, followed by a presentation of new test results with the analysis using sedimentationconsolidation theories. The results presented here will be used in future analyses to evaluate the volume changes of AMD treatment sludge in storage basins.Additional Key Words: AMD, large strain, mechanical properties.

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Calculation of the absolute peak efficiency of gamma-ray detectors for different counting geometries

Cited by 306 publications

References 7 publications

A real-time multichannel detector system for large-scale environmental radiation survey

A real-time multichannel detector system for large-scale environmental radiation survey

Validation experiment for large-sample prompt-gamma neutron activation analysis

Properties of Treatment Sludge During Sedimentation and Consolidation Tests

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