Calculation of subsoil stresses

Olsen, H.J.

doi:10.1016/0167-1987(94)90047-7

Cited by 22 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Danfors (1994) reported, however, that a reduction in inflation pressure from 150 to 50 kPa reduced the compaction of moist clay soils with axle loads > 8 Mg to a maximum depth of 0.3-0.4 m only. This finding is consistent with theoretical models and earlier measurements showing that the average ground contact pressure has the greatest influence on soil compaction in the topsoil and upper part of the subsoil, but that the axle load is more important deeper in the subsoil (Söhne 1958, Danfors 1974, Bolling 1987, Olsen 1994. Arvidsson and Håkansson (1994) found that the use of low-profile trailer tyres in their tractor-trailer combination (350 Mg km ha' 1 ), even at an inflation pressure as high as 200 kPa, reduced the yield of spring cereals by 5 percentage units less than standard tyres (500 kPa) as a mean of four years.…”

supporting

confidence: 91%

Cumulative compaction of a clay loam soil by annually repeated field traffic in autumn

Alakukku¹,

Elonen²

1995

AFSci

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The cumulative effects of annually repeated field traffic on soil properties and barley yield were investigated in a field experiment on clay loam. Experimental traffic was applied with a tractor-trailer combination prior to autumn ploughing for four successive years. The trailer single axle load was 5 Mg, The loading intensity was 0, 100 and 300 Mg km ha-1, and both standard and low-profile trailer tyres were used. The effect of early summer irrigation on the yield was also studied. The yield and nitrogen uptake of the crop were determined for four successive years. Soil penetrometer resistance was measured annually after the second loading. The traffic compacted the soil to 0.35 m depth. On average, soil compaction reduced barley yield by 5% and nitrogen uptake by 7%. No annual cumulative increase in the compaction depth or yield reductions was found. Probably only the first loading compacted the subsoil, because the soil was drier than field capacity in the 0.2-0.3 m layer in the following autumns. The use of trailer low-profile tyres did not reduce the depth of compaction or yield losses. On average, early summer irrigation increased grain yield by 34% and nitrogen uptake by 25%, but it did not significantly decrease yield or nitrogen uptake reductions due to compaction.

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confidence: 91%

Cumulative compaction of a clay loam soil by annually repeated field traffic in autumn

Alakukku¹,

Elonen²

1995

AFSci

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“…This is to be expected from the principles in the Söhne model (e.g. Olsen, 1994) and has been demonstrated for undisturbed soil under semi‐field conditions (Lamandé et al. , 2007) and in the field (Lamandé & Schjønning, 2011b).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 54%

Rules of thumb for minimizing subsoil compaction

Schjønning

Lamandé

Keller

et al. 2012

Soil Use and Management

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Subsoil compaction is persistent and can affect important soil functions including soil productivity. The aim of this study was to develop recommendations on how to avoid subsoil compaction for soils exposed to traffic by machinery at field capacity. We measured the vertical stress in the tyre–soil contact area for two traction tyres at ca. 30‐ and 60‐kN wheel loads on a loamy sand at field capacity. Data on resulting stress distributions were combined with those from the literature for five implement tyres tested at a range of inflation pressures and wheel loads. The vertical stress in the soil profile was then predicted using the Söhne model for all tests in the combined data set. The predicted stress at 20 cm depth correlated with the maximum stress in the contact area, tyre inflation pressure, tyre–soil contact area and mean ground pressure. At 100 cm depth, the predicted vertical stress was primarily determined by wheel load, but an effect of the other factors was also detected. Based on published recommendations for allowable stresses in the soil profile, we propose the ‘50‐50 rule’: At water contents around field capacity, traffic on agricultural soil should not exert vertical stresses in excess of 50 kPa at depths >50 cm. Our combined data provide the basis for the ‘8‐8 rule’: The depth of the 50‐kPa stress isobar increases by 8 cm for each additional tonne increase in wheel load and by 8 cm for each doubling of the tyre inflation pressure. We suggest that farmers use this simple rule for evaluating the sustainability of any planned traffic over moist soil.

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“…Seus estudos vão desde a quantificação e distribuição da tensão aplicada no solo aos deslocamentos, vertical e horizontal, medidos in situ a partir de transdutores, como visto em Olson (1994); Horn (1994); Horn et al (1998);Wiermann et al (1999) e Wiermann et al (2000. Esses estudos levam em consideração a relação tensão-deformação do solo, a qual se tem mostrado necessária para compreender o processo de compactação dos solos agrícolas (Koolen, 1994;Horn et al, 1998).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

O tráfego de máquinas agrícolas e as propriedades físicas, hídricas e mecânicas de um Latossolo dos Cerrados

Silva

Dias

Silva

et al. 2003

Rev. Bras. Ciênc. Solo

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RESUMONo Brasil, o tráfego contínuo e inadequado de rodados de máquinas e a ação da soleira dos implementos sobre áreas agrícolas na região dos Cerrados têm provocado alterações dos atributos físicos e mecânicos dos solos. Com este entendimento, este estudo teve por objetivo avaliar a influência do rodado traseiro e da soleira de implementos agrícolas, usualmente utilizados na região dos Cerrados, sobre a compressibilidade de um Latossolo Vermelho distrófico típico. Os ensaios foram realizados em parcelas preparadas com arado de discos, arado de aivecas, grade aradora e semeadora/adubadora, que, desde novembro de 1994 até à data da amostragem, novembro de 1999, estiveram sob o sistema plantio direto. As alterações na compressibilidade foram avaliadas pela quantificação das pressões de preconsolidação, assim como por algumas propriedades físicas e hídricas (densidade do solo, porosidade e condutividade hidráulica do solo saturado) no momento do preparo e depois da colheita. No momento do preparo, logo depois da passada do rodado e antes que o implemento mobilizasse o solo, o solo foi avaliado em superfície (SP -0,00 a 0,05 m) e na profundidade média de trabalho (PMT -0,24 a 0,27 m). A influência da soleira dos implementos foi avaliada logo depois do corte, na profundidade de trabalho

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Calculation of subsoil stresses

Cited by 22 publications

References 6 publications

Cumulative compaction of a clay loam soil by annually repeated field traffic in autumn

Cumulative compaction of a clay loam soil by annually repeated field traffic in autumn

Rules of thumb for minimizing subsoil compaction

O tráfego de máquinas agrícolas e as propriedades físicas, hídricas e mecânicas de um Latossolo dos Cerrados

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