“…The method of Van Driest (1951) is used for mean skin friction coefficient of compressible flow on a two-dimensional flat plate, and a modified Blasius theory including compressibility effects, as discussed by Moore et al (1995), is used for laminar skin friction drag. To get the wave drag over the range of Mach number from 2 -5, the second-order shock expansion method (see De Jarnette et al (1979)) or a modified Newton method is usually applied to the entire body. At the missile base, the pressure goes down below the freestream pressure due to the external flow.…”