Calculation of Head-Related Transfer Functions for Arbitrary Field Points Using Spherical Harmonics Decomposition

Pollow, Martin; Nguyen, Khoa-Van; Warusfel, Olivier; Carpentier, Thibaut; Müller-Trapet, Markus; Vorländer, Michael; Noisternig, Markus

doi:10.3813/aaa.918493

Cited by 47 publications

(36 citation statements)

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“…Overall accuracy along angles, described for convenience by azimuthal angle , was calculated based on circular correlations (CC) that provide a good measure for the similarities of the directional patterns ofĤ and H, independently of a possible gain mismatch [11]. Normalized CC is defined as follows [11]:…”

Section: Objective Measures Of Overall Accuracymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, measuring or calculating these HRTF datasets is a complex and time consuming task. A physicallymotivated synthesis method described in [9][10][11] makes it possible to calculate the HRTFs for arbitrary positions in space, once an initial HRTF dataset for discrete positions on a sphere surrounding the listener is given. Prior knowledge about the HRTFs at the target positions is not required when applying this model-based method.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Obtaining HRTFs for a dense set of positions throughout the plane, however, can still be very demanding and time consuming. It would be useful, then, if a method similar to the one presented in [9][10][11] could be applied to synthesize the HRTFs for arbitrary positions on the horizontal plane, once an initial, circular HRTF dataset is known at a single (typically far) distance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The synthesis approach in [9][10][11] relies on the principle of acoustic reciprocity [17] to consider HRTF datasets as sound pressure fields generated by a point source at the ear. This approach originates from three-dimensional solutions to the acoustic wave equation formulated in spherical coordinates, where solutions can be separated into a radial and an angular part [18,Chapter 6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Distance-varying filters to synthesize head-related transfer functions in the horizontal plane from circular boundary values

Salvador

Sakamoto

Treviño

et al. 2017

Acoust. Sci. & Tech.

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This paper derives a continuous-space model to describe variations in magnitude of complex head-related transfer functions (HRTFs) along angles and radial distances throughout the horizontal plane. The radial part of this model defines a set of horizontal-plane distance-varying filters (HP-DVFs) that are used to synthesize the HRTFs for arbitrary sound source positions on the horizontal plane from initial HRTFs obtained for positions on a circular boundary at a single distance from the head of a listener. The HP-DVFs are formulated in terms of horizontal-plane solutions to the three-dimensional acoustic wave equation, which are derived by assuming invariance along elevation angles in spherical coordinates. This prevents the free-field inaccurate distance decay observed when assuming invariance along height in cylindrical coordinates. Furthermore, discontinuities along the axis connecting the ears are also overcome, which appear when assuming invariance along the polar angle in interaural coordinates. This paper also presents a magnitude-dependent band-limiting threshold (MBT) for restricting the action of filters to a limited angular bandwidth, which is necessary in practice to enable discrete-space models that consider a finite number of sources distributed on the initial circle. Numerical experiments using a model of a human head show that the overall synthesis accuracy achieved with the proposed MBT outperforms the one achieved with the existing frequencydependent threshold, especially at low frequencies and close distances to the head.

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Section: Objective Measures Of Overall Accuracymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Distance-varying filters to synthesize head-related transfer functions in the horizontal plane from circular boundary values

Salvador

Sakamoto

Treviño

et al. 2017

Acoust. Sci. & Tech.

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show abstract

“…The initial HRTF dataset is typically obtained for an array of positions at a single distance from the head center [27][28][29]. From this initial dataset, the HRTFs for arbitrary target positions that are not contained in the initial dataset are synthesized by interpolation along angle [59][60][61][62][63] or extrapolation along radial distance [64][65][66][67].…”

Section: Three-dimensional Auditory Displays and Binaural Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design theory for binaural synthesis: Combining microphone array recordings and head-related transfer function datasets

Salvador

Sakamoto

Treviño

et al. 2017

Acoust. Sci. & Tech.

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Signal processing methods that accurately synthesize sound pressure at the ears are important in the development of spatial audio devices for personal use. This paper reviews the current methods and focuses on a promising class of these methods that rely on combining the spatial information available in microphone array recordings and datasets of head-related transfer functions (HRTFs). These two kinds of spatial information enable the consideration of dynamic and individual auditory localization cues during binaural synthesis. A general formulation for such a class of methods is presented in terms of a linear system of equations, whose associated matrix is composed of acoustic transfer functions that relate the positions of microphones and HRTFs. Based on this formulation, it is shown that most of the existing methods under consideration can be classified into two prominent approaches: 1) the HRTF modeling approach and 2) the microphone signal modeling approach. An important relation between these two approaches is evidenced in the general formulation: when one approach arises from the solution to an overdetermined system, the other corresponds to an underdetermined system, and vice versa. Illustrative examples of binaural synthesis from spherical arrays are provided by means of simulations. Underdetermined systems generally achieve better performance than overdetermined ones.

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Trends in Acquisition of Individual Head-Related Transfer Functions

Enzner

Antweiler

Spors

2013

The Technology of Binaural Listening

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Calculation of Head-Related Transfer Functions for Arbitrary Field Points Using Spherical Harmonics Decomposition

Cited by 47 publications

References 0 publications

Distance-varying filters to synthesize head-related transfer functions in the horizontal plane from circular boundary values

Distance-varying filters to synthesize head-related transfer functions in the horizontal plane from circular boundary values

Design theory for binaural synthesis: Combining microphone array recordings and head-related transfer function datasets

Trends in Acquisition of Individual Head-Related Transfer Functions

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