“…The bed porosity and the individual phase holdups in TPFB have been investigated by Armstrong et al (1976), Bhatia et al (1972), Dakshinamurty et al (1971Dakshinamurty et al ( , 1972, Kim et al (1972Kim et al ( , 1975, Razumov et al (1973Razumov et al ( , 1977, Soung (1978), and Vail et al (1970). In the conventional study of phase holdups and bed porosity, overall values are obtained through the pressure profile along the fluidized bed, the total amount of solid particles, and the continuity of the three phases.…”