The isotropic hyperfine
coupling constant (HFCC, A
iso) of a pH-sensitive
spin probe in a solution, HMI (2,2,3,4,5,5-hexamethylimidazolidin-1-oxyl,
C9H19N2O) in water, is computed using
an ensemble of state-of-the-art computational techniques and is gauged
against X-band continuous wave electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR)
measurement spectra at room temperature. Fundamentally, the investigation
aims to delineate the cutting edge of current first-principles-based
calculations of EPR parameters in aqueous solutions based on using
rigorous statistical mechanics combined with correlated electronic
structure techniques. In particular, the impact of solvation is described
by exploiting fully atomistic, RISM integral equation, and implicit
solvation approaches as offered by ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD)
of the periodic bulk solution (using the spin-polarized revPBE0-D3
hybrid functional), embedded cluster reference interaction site model
integral equation theory (EC-RISM), and polarizable continuum embedding
(using CPCM) of microsolvated complexes, respectively. HFCCs are obtained
from efficient coupled cluster calculations (using open-shell DLPNO-CCSD
theory) as well as from hybrid density functional theory (using revPBE0-D3).
Re-solvation of “vertically desolvated” spin probe configuration
snapshots by EC-RISM embedding is shown to provide significantly improved
results compared to CPCM since only the former captures the inherent
structural heterogeneity of the solvent close to the spin probe. The
average values of the A
iso parameter obtained
based on configurational statistics using explicit water within AIMD
and from EC-RISM solvation are found to be satisfactorily close. Using
either such explicit or RISM solvation in conjunction with DLPNO-CCSD
calculations of the HFCCs provides an average A
iso parameter for HMI in aqueous solution at 300 K and 1 bar
that is in good agreement with the experimentally determined one.
The developed computational strategy is general in the sense that
it can be readily applied to other spin probes of similar molecular
complexity, to aqueous solutions beyond ambient conditions, as well
as to other solvents in the longer run.