Calculation of effective transport properties of partially saturated gas diffusion layers

Bednarek, Tomasz; Tsotridis, Georgios

doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2016.10.098

Cited by 25 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Therefore, it is also critical to assess the errors on transport property predictions associated with inaccuracies during the water intrusion process. Gas transport in the GDL microstructures has been simulated using PNM, 36,37,63,64 LBM 10,21,30,45,[65][66][67][68][69] and porescale CFD simulations, 23,[25][26][27]70,71 however the obtained results are seldom compared to experimental observation and the sensitivity of transport property predictions to errors in water distribution have not been discussed.…”

Section: F554mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…μ-CT has recently been used to obtain the 3D reconstructions of partially saturated GDLs 10,28-32 thereby enabling the study of the changes in the liquid water distributions with compression, 28 capillary pressure 10,29,30 and temperature gradients. 31,32 These reconstructions provide an ideal way to validate and assess the applicability of the numerical models used to study liquid water intrusion and gas transport in GDLs.Liquid water invasion/filling in the GDL microstructures has been previously simulated in literature using pore network models (PNM), 3,[33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40] Lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) 4,33,[41][42][43][44][45] and full morphology (FM) (also known as morphological image opening (MIO)) 22,33,46,47 approach. Among these, PNM is the most popular approach to study pore filling and liquid water distribution in the GDLs and to evaluate the corresponding effect on the transport properties.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Virtual Liquid Water Intrusion in Fuel Cell Gas Diffusion Media

Sabharwal

Gostick

Secanell

2018

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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A cluster based full morphology (CFM) model is developed to predict liquid water intrusion in GDLs. The CFM model is used to simulate water intrusion into a dry GDL microstructure obtained from μ-CT. Numerical water saturation distributions are compared to experimental μ-CT reconstructions of the same GDL sample at varying saturation levels. A quantitative validation of the CFM model results is then provided by studying the number of voxels in the image that contain water in both the CFM model results and the μ-CT reconstructions. Results reveal that CFM simulations showed 56-95.7% agreement in the liquid water voxels when compared to the μ-CT simulations for saturations in the range of 29-92.3%. Gas transport simulations are then performed on μ-CT and CFM partially saturated GDLs in order to study the validity of the CFM model images to estimate transport properties of partially saturated GDLs. A maximum error of 20% was observed between the predicted effective diffusivities obtained from CFM simulations and those obtained directly from simulations on the μ-CT data for saturations below 40%. Effective diffusivity predictions from the CFM simulations agree well with in-plane effective diffusivities in literature while the through-plane effective diffusivities were underpredicted by a factor of 2.

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Section: F554mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Virtual Liquid Water Intrusion in Fuel Cell Gas Diffusion Media

Sabharwal

Gostick

Secanell

2018

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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“…Two main methods are used to reconstruct the three-dimensional (3D) structures of porous electrodes [11]: The first is the X-CT method [12][13][14][15] which can penetrate non-transparent solid objects to visualize interior features nondestructively. This method obtains digital information of 3D geometries and properties by stacking all contiguous sets of CT slices.…”

Section: X-ray Computed Tomography (X-ct) Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two-Phase Flow in Porous Electrodes of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell

Jiao

2020

Trans. Tianjin Univ.

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Water management in porous electrodes bears significance due to its strong potential in determining the performance of proton exchange membrane fuel cell. In terms of porous electrodes, internal water distribution and removal process have extensively attracted attention in both experimental and numerical studies. However, the structural difference among the catalyst layer (CL), microporous layer (MPL), and gas diffusion layer (GDL) leads to significant challenges in studying the two-phase flow behavior. Given the different porosities and pore scales of the CL, MPL, and GDL, the model scales in simulating each component are inconsistent. This review emphasizes the numerical simulation related to porous electrodes in the water transport process and evaluates the effectiveness and weakness of the conventional methods used during the investigation. The limitations of existing models include the following: (i) The reconstruction of geometric models is difficult to achieve when using the real characteristics of the components; (ii) the computational domain size is limited due to massive computational loads in three-dimensional (3D) simulations; (iii) numerical associations among 3D models are lacking because of the separate studies for each component; (iv) the effects of vapor condensation and heat transfer on the two-phase flow are disregarded; (v) compressive deformation during assembly and vibration in road conditions should be considered in two-phase flow studies given the real operating conditions. Therefore, this review is aimed at critical research gaps which need further investigation. Insightful potential research directions are also suggested for future improvements.

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“…The thermal conductivity of the gas phase λ g is is calculated from the pure gas phase species thermal conductivities and the phase composition, for λ l , the value for liquid water according to [62] is used. The thermal conductivity of the solid phase, λ s , is fitted to simulation results of [63]. With a value of 128.95 W m -1 K -1 , the effective thermal conductivity is ∼ 0.9 if no liquid water is present.…”

Section: Transport In the Porous Electrodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical modeling of polymer-electrolyte membrane fuel cells: Understanding water management and impedance spectra

Futter

Gazdzicki

Friedrich

et al. 2018

Journal of Power Sources

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A transient 2D physical continuum-level model for analyzing polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) performance is developed and implemented into the new numerical framework NEOPARD-X. The model incorporates nonisothermal, compositional multiphase flow in both electrodes coupled to transport of water, protons and dissolved gaseous species in the polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM). Ionic and electrical charge transport is considered and a detailed model for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) combined with models for platinum oxide formation and oxygen transport in the ionomer thin-films of the catalyst layers (CLs) is applied. The model is validated by performance curves and impedance spectroscopic experiments, performed under various operating conditions, with a single set of parameters and used to study water management in co-and counter-flow operation. Based on electrochemical impedance spectra (EIS) simulations, the physical processes which govern the PEMFC performance are analyzed in detail. It is concluded that the contribution of diffusion through the porous electrodes to the overall cell impedance is minor, but concentration gradients along the channel have a strong impact. Inductive phenomena at low

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Calculation of effective transport properties of partially saturated gas diffusion layers

Cited by 25 publications

References 41 publications

Virtual Liquid Water Intrusion in Fuel Cell Gas Diffusion Media

Virtual Liquid Water Intrusion in Fuel Cell Gas Diffusion Media

Two-Phase Flow in Porous Electrodes of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell

Physical modeling of polymer-electrolyte membrane fuel cells: Understanding water management and impedance spectra

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