Calculation of Broadband Time Histories of Ground Motion, Part II: Kinematic and Dynamic Modeling Using Theoretical Green's Functions and Comparison with the 1994 Northridge Earthquake

Hartzell, Stephen H.; Guatteri, M.; Martin, Paul Marius; Liu, Pengcheng; Fisk, Mark D.

doi:10.1785/0120040136

Cited by 65 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 77 publications

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“…This study presents only part of the stochastic finite-fault modelling that simulates HF-ground shaking for a number of different source models. Near-field source effects are thus not included in these calculations, and are left to future work that builds on broadband ground-motion simulation techniques (e.g., Hartzell et al 2005;Graves and Pitarka 2010;Mai et al 2010;Mena et al 2010;Imperatori and Mai 2012).…”

Section: Computation Of the Wavefieldmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-frequency maximum observable shaking map of Italy from fault sources

Zonno

Basili

Meroni

et al. 2012

Bull Earthquake Eng

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We present a strategy for obtaining fault-based maximum observable shaking (MOS) maps, which represent an innovative concept for assessing deterministic seismic ground motion at a regional scale. Our approach uses the fault sources supplied for Italy by the Database of Individual Seismogenic Sources, and particularly by its composite seismogenic sources (CSS), a spatially continuous simplified 3-D representation of a fault system. For each CSS, we consider the associated Typical Fault, i.e., the portion of the corresponding CSS that can generate the maximum credible earthquake. We then compute the high-frequency (1-50 Hz) ground shaking for a rupture model derived from its associated maximum credible earthquake. As the Typical Fault floats within its CSS to occupy all possible positions of the rupture, the high-frequency shaking is updated in the area surrounding the fault, and the maximum from that scenario is extracted and displayed on a map. The final high-frequency MOS map of Italy is then obtained by merging 8,859 individual scenariosimulations, from which the ground shaking parameters have been extracted. To explore the internal consistency of our calculations and validate the results of the procedure we compare our results (1) with predictions based on the Next Generation Attenuation ground-motion equations for an earthquake of M w 7.1, (2) with the predictions of the official Italian seismic hazard map, and (3) with macroseismic intensities included in the DBMI04 Italian database. We then examine the uncertainties and analyse the variability of ground motion for different fault geometries and slip distributions.

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Section: Computation Of the Wavefieldmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-frequency maximum observable shaking map of Italy from fault sources

Zonno

Basili

Meroni

et al. 2012

Bull Earthquake Eng

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“…The models can be evaluated by how well they predict statistical characteristics of the ground motion, or they can be evaluated by how well they are able to match the waveforms of observed strong motions in past earthquakes. To be useful for engineering applications, the statistical characteristics that should be predicted well include Fourier and response spectral amplitudes across the entire frequency band of interest (i.e., 0.1-20 Hz), peak velocity, and duration of shaking in different frequency bands (e.g., Abrahamson et al, 1990; Schneider et al, 1993;Hartzell et al, 1999Hartzell et al, , 2005. Waveform matching is not expected for engineering applications, since the location of the hypocenter of future large earthquakes is not predictable.…”

Section: Predicting Ground Motion Synthetic Seismogramsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several approaches have been applied (e.g., Irikura, 1983;Zeng et al, 1994;Hartzell et al, 1999Hartzell et al, , 2005. For one approach to describing the source, Somerville et al (1999) estimated a scaling relation for the size of asperities, in which the asperities are about one-quarter of the total fault rupture area.…”

Section: Synthetic Green's Functions With Kinematic and Dynamic Sourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical Processes That Control Strong Ground Motion

Anderson¹

2007

Treatise on Geophysics

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“…Therefore, hybrid methods have been proposed to extend regional-scale LF wave-field calculations to frequencies above f ≈ 1 Hz for generating time series over the entire frequency range of engineering interest (0 ≤ f ≤ 10 Hz). In these methods, the LF and HF wave fields are computed separately (usually with different source descriptions for the LF and HF parts) and then combined to form broadband seismograms (e.g., Irikura, 1986;Berge et al, 1998;Kamae et al, 1998;Graves and Pitarka, 2004;Liu et al, 2006;Hartzell et al, 1999Hartzell et al, , 2005Pulido and Kubo, 2004;Sørensen et al, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hybrid Broadband Ground-Motion Simulations: Combining Long-Period Deterministic Synthetics with High-Frequency Multiple S-to-S Backscattering

Martin

Imperatori

Olsen

2010

Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America

135

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We present a new approach for computing broadband (0-10 Hz) synthetic seismograms by combining high-frequency (HF) scattering with low-frequency (LF) deterministic seismograms, considering finite-fault earthquake rupture models embedded in 3D earth structure. Site-specific HF-scattering Green's functions for a heterogeneous medium with uniformly distributed random isotropic scatterers are convolved with a source-time function that characterizes the temporal evolution of the rupture process. These scatterograms are then reconciled with the LF-deterministic waveforms using a frequency-domain optimization to match both amplitude and phase spectra around the target intersection frequency. The scattering parameters of the medium, scattering attenuation η s , intrinsic attenuation η i , and site-kappa, as well as frequency-dependent attenuation, determine waveform and spectral character of the HF-synthetics and thus affect the hybrid broadband seismograms. Applying our methodology to the 1994 Northridge earthquake and validating against near-field recordings at 24 sites, we find that our technique provides realistic broadband waveforms and consistently reproduces LF ground-motion intensities for two independent source descriptions. The least biased results, compared to recorded strong-motion data, are obtained after applying a frequency-dependent site-amplification factor to the broadband simulations. This innovative hybrid ground-motion simulation approach, applicable to any arbitrarily complex earthquake source model, is well suited for seismic hazard analysis and ground-motion estimation.

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Calculation of Broadband Time Histories of Ground Motion, Part II: Kinematic and Dynamic Modeling Using Theoretical Green's Functions and Comparison with the 1994 Northridge Earthquake

Cited by 65 publications

References 77 publications

High-frequency maximum observable shaking map of Italy from fault sources

High-frequency maximum observable shaking map of Italy from fault sources

Physical Processes That Control Strong Ground Motion

Hybrid Broadband Ground-Motion Simulations: Combining Long-Period Deterministic Synthetics with High-Frequency Multiple S-to-S Backscattering

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