Calculation of beamforming for the HF radar with the two-element crossed-loop/monopole antenna array

Abstract

The two-element crossed-loop/monopole array, which consists of two crossed-loop/ monopole antennas, is applied to the high frequency (HF) radar for monitoring the sea states. The antenna pattern equations of the two-element crossed-loop/monopole array are deduced. The HF ocean state measuring and analyzing radar (OSMAR)-SD, which uses the two-element crossed-loop/monopole array, has received sea echo successfully. The accuracy and the efficiency of the deduced formulas are analyzed and validated using the OSMAR-SD experiment data, which were collected in