Calculation of Antimicrobial Use Indicators in Beef Feedlots—Effects of Choice of Metric and Standardized Values

Brault, Stephanie A.; Hannon, Sherry J.; Gow, Sheryl; Otto, Simon J. G.; Booker, Calvin W.; Morley, Paul S.

doi:10.3389/fvets.2019.00330

Cited by 27 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 24 publications

(31 reference statements)

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“…This study is the first attempt to evaluate the national antimicrobial sales amount in Japan using the number of DDDs. Dosage-based indicators have been used mainly to measure the antimicrobial use at farm level [ 13 , 14 , 21 – 23 ], except in France where a dosage-based indicator, ALEA (animal level of exposure for antimicrobials) was developed to monitor the antimicrobial use using national sales data [ 7 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the antimicrobial use in pigs in Japan using dosage-based indicators

et al. 2020

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The use of antimicrobial agents in food-producing animals may lead to the emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance in bacteria of animal origin. The use of antimicrobial agents in pigs in 2018 in Japan was evaluated in terms of the weight of active ingredient and number of defined daily doses (DDD), using annual sales data of veterinary antimicrobials sold for use in pigs. In addition, the use of antimicrobial agents in the Japanese pig sector in 2008 to 2017 was evaluated to determine whether or not there were any differences in temporal change pattern by use of different metrics. In 2018, 447 metric tons of active ingredient, corresponding to 77,379 × 10 6 kg-days (Japanese DDD) and 34,903 × 10 6 kg-days (European DDD) were sold. The proportion of the sales amount of sulfonamides, trimethoprim and lincosamides to the total sales amount was significantly different depending on the metric used. For most antimicrobial classes, the number of Japanese DDDs was greater than the number of European DDDs. These results indicate that the DDD-based metric, which is more reflective of the selective pressure of antimicrobials, is recommended for use in monitoring the antimicrobial use in pigs in Japan. The differences in the number of Japanese DDDs and European DDDs appear to confirm the need for Japanese DDDs.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the antimicrobial use in pigs in Japan using dosage-based indicators

et al. 2020

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“…The epidemiology of BRD is well known, with cases occurring within 6-10 day of entry into the feedlot [2]. Therefore, antimicrobial metaphylaxis is routine for on-arrival cattle that are deemed a high risk of developing BRD [3,4]. A study of antimicrobial usage (AMU) in western Canadian feedlots for the years 2008-2012 found that tetracyclines and macrolides were the classes of drugs that were most commonly administered parenterally.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial Sensitivity Testing of Mycoplasma bovis Isolates Derived from Western Canadian Feedlot Cattle

et al. 2020

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Mycoplasma bovis is particularly adept at evading the immune system, resulting in chronic infections of the lungs and joints of feedlot cattle. The chronicity of the lesions results in prolonged antimicrobial therapy, possibly exacerbating antimicrobial resistance. This cross-sectional study generated in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) data on 211 M. bovis isolates recovered from 159 healthy, diseased, and dead cattle, spanning the period of 2006–2018. Nine antimicrobials commonly administered to western Canadian feedlot cattle were assessed. The data were analyzed with non-parametric statistical tests with a level of significance of p < 0.05 (two-tailed). Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values tended to increase between the isolates from healthy versus dead cattle and over time (2006–2018). Isolates from dead versus healthy cattle were more likely to be resistant to tulathromycin, gamithromycin, tylosin and enrofloxacin. There was no difference in the distributions of the MICs generated from the isolates recovered from the lungs and joints (p ≥ 0.124) and the lungs and deep nasal passages (p ≥ 0.157) of the same animals.

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“…Currently, the international community lacks consensus as to the most appropriate indicator to describe AMU, which depends on the intended objectives of the surveillance system. In the RETROSPECTIVE study, census data that included detailed individual animal parenteral data and calculated in-feed data allowed for accurate calculation of AMU ( 14 , 15 ). This level of resolution for AMU in animal production systems is often unavailable.…”

Section: Lessons Learned and Recommendationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This project (Hannon et al, 2018, Table 1 ; RETROSPECTIVE), as well as the contributions from other Canadian researchers helped to identify data points meaningful for a national surveillance system, highlighted challenges in surveillance system development, and piloted data collection processes in preparation for future expansion in scope. These large collaborative projects, as well as other ongoing local, national and international initiatives, resulted in publications exploring metrics for understanding and interpreting feedlot cattle AMU data ( 7 , 8 , 14 , 29 , 30 ). These methodological papers were critical to developing indicators and evaluating metrics within the Canadian feedlot production system applicable to a future surveillance system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feedlot Cattle Antimicrobial Use Surveillance Network: A Canadian Journey

et al. 2020

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Antimicrobial drugs are important tools for maintaining human and animal health. Globally, antimicrobial use (AMU) in food-producing animals is under increasing scrutiny due to its potential to promote antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Historically, comprehensive Canadian data related to the types of antimicrobial drugs used, extent of use, common indicators of use and the demographics of the cattle populations receiving antimicrobial drugs have been limited, in part due to segmentation in the cattle industry and fragmentation of the drug distribution system. Appropriate AMU estimates are required to understand AMU practices, to interpret AMR levels and patterns, to meaningfully assess associated public health risks, and to inform stewardship activities. The Canadian beef cattle industry has a long history of collaboration in AMU and AMR research. Prior research projects identified both opportunities and challenges in the collection of AMU data. Cornerstone projects provided insight into the complexity of collecting AMU data in Canada's feedlot sector. This paper will discuss how the lessons learned from past work have contributed to the formation of a Canadian fed-cattle antimicrobial surveillance program that was initiated in 2019. This important surveillance program will allow feedlot cattle AMU to improve management decisions and support AMU best practices in the evolving Canadian AMR landscape.

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Calculation of Antimicrobial Use Indicators in Beef Feedlots—Effects of Choice of Metric and Standardized Values

Cited by 27 publications

References 24 publications

Evaluation of the antimicrobial use in pigs in Japan using dosage-based indicators

Evaluation of the antimicrobial use in pigs in Japan using dosage-based indicators

Antimicrobial Sensitivity Testing of Mycoplasma bovis Isolates Derived from Western Canadian Feedlot Cattle

Feedlot Cattle Antimicrobial Use Surveillance Network: A Canadian Journey

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