Calculated and measured S₁₁, S₂₁, and group delay for simple types of coaxial and rectangular waveguide 2-port standards

The development and evaluation of three dual six-port reflectometer systems, that use WR-42, WR-28 and WR-22 waveguide, is discussed; these cover the frequency range 18-50 GHz. automated operation and will provide complex scattering parameter data for customer waveguide components, as well as effective efficiency data for power sensors. Some representative measurement data are presented that demonstrate that these systems yield results that do not differ significantly from those obtained using older measurement systems. Some discussion of measurement uncertainties is also included.

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“…The historical data have been obtained from WR-42 tuned At the three other frequencies, the agreement is very [6].…”

Section: 3mentioning

confidence: 88%

Dual Six-Port Reflectometer Systems Using Waveguide in the Frequency Range 18-50 GHz

Weil

Marler

Major

et al. 1989

33rd ARFTG Conference Digest

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“…In addition to the one-and two-port calibration standards outlined above, precision verification standards are also required. Transmissive standards, such as precision airlines, are the most common verification standard in coaxial setups, as their S-parameters can be accurately predicted a priori [37]. In rectangular waveguide systems, hollow waveguide sections can be used as verification standards.…”

Section: B Verification Standardsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Silicon Micromachined Waveguide Calibration Standards for Terahertz Metrology

Campion

Oberhammer

2021

IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Techn.

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This article presents precision silicon micromachined waveguide calibration standards for use with terahertz vector network analyzers. This enables the creation of precise, highly repeatable, and traceable terahertz waveguide standards, surpassing the limits of current metrology techniques. A single silicon-on-insulator wafer with the appropriate device and handle layer thicknesses is used to implement a wide range of calibration and verification standards. The design of the standards is discussed from mechanical, electrical, and end-user perspectives. Silicon is shown to be the most promising material for the realization of precision metrology standards. We outline the potential to scale the presented design to at least 2.6 THz. Eight types of WM-570 standard, totaling 15 prototypes, are fabricated and characterized between 325 and 500 GHz. Despite some fabrication anomalies, all devices offer excellent performance. The best micromachined standards offer a return loss in excess of 40 dB, an insertion loss of below 0.1 dB, and a phase error of less than 1 • . The standards are utilized in both one-and two-port calibrations, including the multiline through-reflect-line algorithm. These are benchmarked against calibrations performed using conventional metallic standards, with a high degree of agreement observed between error-corrected measurements of a range of test devices.

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“…Commercially available 90" and 180" coaxial hybrids are used for the six-port correlators below 18 GHz. Above 18 GHz, the correlators are built with specially fabricated waveguide components. Waveguide-tocoaxial adaptors are used on the waveguide six-port heads for coaxial measurements above 18 GHz.…”

Section: Current Six-port Technologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Basic RF and Microwave Measurements: a Review of Selected Programs

Estin¹,

Juroshek²,

Marks³

et al. 1992

Metrologia

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This paper summarizes the principles, historical background and present status of three primary areas of rf and microwave measurements and standards: circuit parameter measurement, power measurement, and noise generation and measurement. Both the reference standards and the techniques of measurement and of transfer to secondary standards are addressed. An extensive bibliography is provided to enable the interested reader to pursue areas to greater depth, and brief discussions to indicate likely directions of current and future work are included.

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Calculated and measured S₁₁, S₂₁, and group delay for simple types of coaxial and rectangular waveguide 2-port standards

Cited by 19 publications

References 3 publications

Dual Six-Port Reflectometer Systems Using Waveguide in the Frequency Range 18-50 GHz

Dual Six-Port Reflectometer Systems Using Waveguide in the Frequency Range 18-50 GHz

Silicon Micromachined Waveguide Calibration Standards for Terahertz Metrology

Basic RF and Microwave Measurements: a Review of Selected Programs

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