Calculated and Experimentally Obtained Heats of Combustion of Hydrazinium Nitrate, Monomethylhydrazinium Nitrate, and N, N-Dimethylhydrazinium Nitrate

Klapötke, Thomas M.; Rienäcker, Claudia M.; Zewen, H.

doi:10.1002/1521-3749(200211)628:11<2372::aid-zaac2372>3.0.co;2-7

Cited by 14 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…The current MMH/NTO hypergolic system has been used successfully for decades, 28,29 and much theoretical work on the MMH/NTO system has been performed. [30][31][32][33][34][35] However, little experimental work exists [36][37][38][39][40] to confirm these results. Therefore, replacing the volatile, highly toxic, and carcinogenic MMH with a safer fuel is not a straightforward task.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fourier Transform Infrared Studies in Hypergolic Ignition of Ionic Liquids

et al. 2008

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Public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing this collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden to Department of Defense, Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports (0704-0188), 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington, VA 22202-4302. Respondents should be aware that notwithstanding any other provision of law, no person shall be subject to any penalty for failing to comply with a collection of information if it does not display a currently valid OMB control number. PLEASE DO NOT RETURN YOUR FORM TO THE ABOVE ADDRESS. REPORT DATE (DD-MM-YYYY) SPONSORING / MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 10. SPONSOR/MONITOR'S ACRONYM(S)Air Force Research Laboratory (AFMC) AFRL/RZS SPONSOR/MONITOR'S Pollux Drive NUMBER(S)Edwards AFB CA 93524-70448 AFRL-RZ-ED-JA-2008-090 DISTRIBUTION / AVAILABILITY STATEMENTApproved for public release; distribution unlimited (PA# 08149A) SUPPLEMENTARY NOTESPublished in J. Phys. Chem. A 2008, 112, 7816-7824. © 2008 American Chemical Society. ABSTRACTA class of room temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) that exhibit hypergolic activity towards strong nitric acid is reported. Fast ignition of dicyanamide ionic liquids when mixed with nitric acid is contrasted with the reactivity of the ionic liquid azides, which show high reactivity with nitric acid, but do not ignite. The reactivity of other potential salt fuels is assessed here. Rapid-scan, Fourier Transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy of the pre-ignition phase indicates the evolution of N 2 O from both the dicyanamide and azide RTILs. Evidence for the evolution of CO 2 and isocyanic acid (HNCO) with similar temporal behavior to N 2 O from reaction of the dicyanamide ionic liquids with nitric acid is presented. Evolution of HN 3 is detected from the azides. No evolution of HCN from the dicyanamide reactions was detected. From the FTIR observations, biuret reaction tests and initial ab initio calculations, a mechanism is proposed for the formation of N 2 O, CO 2 and HNCO from the dicyanamide reactions during pre-ignition. SUBJECT TERMS SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF:17 ReceiVed: April 28, 2008; ReVised Manuscript ReceiVed: June 2, 2008 A class of room-temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) that exhibit hypergolic activity toward fuming nitric acid is reported. Fast ignition of dicyanamide ionic liquids when mixed with nitric acid is contrasted with the reactivity of the ionic liquid azides, which show high reactivity with nitric acid, but do not ignite. The reactivity of other potential salt fuels is assessed here. Rapid-scan, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy of the preignition phase indicates the evolution of N 2 O from both the dicyanamide and azide...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fourier Transform Infrared Studies in Hypergolic Ignition of Ionic Liquids

et al. 2008

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“…To determine the absolute value of the velocity, two interferometers with velocity fringe constants of 280 m/s and 1280 m/s were used simultaneously. A laser beam was reflected from an aluminum foil with a thickness of 400 mm which was glued onto the sample (5). In each experiment, the polarization gauge (6) recorded the entry time into the sample of the shock wave, which allowed us to determine the average value of the wave veloc- ity D s using interferometric data.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hydrazine nitrate (HN) N 2 H 4 · HNO 3 has been studied in detail and its physicochemical properties are widely available [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8]. The use of HN as one of the components of rocket fuels [8][9][10][11][12] requires the determination of their detonation parameters, sensitivity to shock wave action and critical detonation conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shock Wave and Detonation Properties of Pressed Hydrazine Nitrate

Уткин

Mochalova

2018

Propellants Explo Pyrotec

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In this work, the structure of the steady‐state detonation waves, the critical diameter, detonation parameters and the dependence of detonation velocity on the charge diameter for pressed hydrazine nitrate (HN) charges in the density range of 1.40–1.68 g/cm3 were investigated by VISAR interferometer. It was found that the critical diameter drops with the initial density decrease. Under steady‐state detonation conditions at a maximum initial density of 1.68 g/cm3, a high detonation velocity of 8.92 km/s is realized in HN charges. The change of the detonation velocity with variation of the initial density is not monotonic, but has a characteristic s‐shape. Experiments on the determination of Hugoniot data and initiation of detonation under shock wave action for HN were carried out with samples of maximum density. The results of the conducted experiments show the low shock wave sensitivity, which is much lower than that of TNT. A noticeable reaction rate behind the front of the initiating shock wave in charges of maximum density is observed only at a pressure above 20 GPa.

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“…This cube root dependency in eqs 2 and 4 serves also to minimize the effect on U pot of any errors arising in the V m or density data used. These new methods allow us to make reliable estimates of lattice energy and standard entropy and hence lead on to estimation of the free energy change, ∆G, of reactions for almost all, if not all, ionic lattices, and they have rapidly been adopted and usefully applied to the study of a variety of problems (27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34)(35)(36)(37)(38). These include…”

Section: Estimation Of Lattice Energiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Methods To Estimate Lattice Energies: Application to the Relative Stabilities of Bisulfite (HSO3-) and Metabisulfite (S2O52-) Salts

Tudela

Jenkins

2003

J. Chem. Educ.

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Thermodynamic information is critical for the assessment of the reactivity and stability of materials. New procedures have recently been developed that provide straightforward predictive methods for estimating lattice energy and standard entropy of conventional salts. These procedures also open up new possibilities for estimating the thermochemistry involving salts for which there is little or no structural information available, as well as for conventional, well-characterized, ionic materials. These approaches are based on volume data, obtained from crystal structure determinations or from additive single-ion volume data (or estimates thereof), or on experimental densities. A detailed example explains the observed trend in increasing stability of bisulfites as the size of the cation increases and shows how quantitative free energy information can be obtained. Errors are also discussed.

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Calculated and Experimentally Obtained Heats of Combustion of Hydrazinium Nitrate, Monomethylhydrazinium Nitrate, and N, N-Dimethylhydrazinium Nitrate

Cited by 14 publications

References 14 publications

Fourier Transform Infrared Studies in Hypergolic Ignition of Ionic Liquids

Fourier Transform Infrared Studies in Hypergolic Ignition of Ionic Liquids

Shock Wave and Detonation Properties of Pressed Hydrazine Nitrate

New Methods To Estimate Lattice Energies: Application to the Relative Stabilities of Bisulfite (HSO3-) and Metabisulfite (S2O52-) Salts

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