“…Three scattering propagation mechanisms were proposed [8]: turbulent incoherent scattering, irregular-layer incoherent reflection, and steadylayer coherent reflection. By combining tropospheric scattering link data with scattering mechanisms, various semiempirical models of tropospheric scattering losses have been developed, such as the NBS method of the U.S. National Bureau of Standards [13], the "French method" proposed by French scientists Battesti et al [14], and the "Chinese" method proposed by Zhang [8] as an alternative to the NBS method (adopted as International Telecommunication Union (ITU)-R P.617-1 method [15], the latest version is ITU-R P.617-5 [16]). In addition to the semiempirical calculation models, multiple loss prediction models based on the scattering propagation mechanism have been generated, such as Zhang's method for calculating the convective layer scattering transmission loss based on the generalized scattering cross section [8],…”