Calcium-Vitamin D Cosupplementation Influences Circulating Inflammatory Biomarkers and Adipocytokines in Vitamin D-Insufficient Diabetics: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial

Abstract

Joint calcium-vitamin D supplementation might improve systemic inflammation through decreasing IL-6 and TNF-α concentrations in vitamin D-insufficient people with type 2 diabetes.

Effect of Vitamin D Supplementation on Some Inflammatory Biomarkers in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Subjects: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

“…After the intervention period, the mean TNF-α concentration decreased in 6 included studies, but an opposite trend was noted in the control group in 4 studies [25,27,28,34], other 2 studies [29,32] had similar trends in the control group. Nevertheless, only in 2 studies, the changes of TNF-α between the intervention group and the control group in the end of the intervention was statistically significant [28,29] (Table 2). The random-effect model was used because of the evidence of heterogeneity (p < 0.00001, I 2 = 91%).…”

“…Thirteen trials [22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34] were published from 2012 to 2016, in which 7 were conducted in Iran [23,24,28,29,31,33,34], one was conducted in Singapore [30], Australia [27], America [32], Israel [22], UAE [26], and Finland [25]. The sample size varied from 20 [32] to 118 [28], with a total of 875 participants. Twelve trials were double blind [22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33] and one trial was single blind [34].…”

“…All of the trials had a parallel design and participants received capsules, pills, tablets, or a specially fortified yogurt drink. The duration of intervention lasted 8 [28] to 52 weeks [22] with a median of 12 weeks. The vitamin D dose was ranging from 20 IU/day [33] to 50,000 IU/week [28].…”

“…The duration of intervention lasted 8 [28] to 52 weeks [22] with a median of 12 weeks. The vitamin D dose was ranging from 20 IU/day [33] to 50,000 IU/week [28]. The vitamin D supplementation was used once a week in 2 studies [23,28].…”

“…The vitamin D dose was ranging from 20 IU/day [33] to 50,000 IU/week [28]. The vitamin D supplementation was used once a week in 2 studies [23,28]. The vitamin D supplementation combined with other supplements for intervention in 4 studies [24,[27][28]34] (Table 1).…”