Calcium Supplementation and Increases in Bone Mineral Density in Children

Johnston, C. Conrad; Miller, Judy Z.; Slemenda, Charles W.; Reister, Teresa K.; Hui, Siu L.; Christian, Joe C.; Peacock, Munro

doi:10.1056/nejm199207093270204

Cited by 968 publications

(446 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Average calcium intake was high (over 1000 mg daily by CaD) in all the groups, and this consistency may explain the lack of association. The benefit of calcium supplementation on bone has been found in many previous studies (Johnston et al, 1992;Lloyd et al, 1993;Lee et al, 1994;Teegarden and Weaver, 1994;Nieves et al, 1995;Nowson et al, 1995), but in all of these studies the baseline calcium intake was markedly lower than that of P a P-value for total mean difference; P b P-value for differences between the Tanner groups. P a P-value for total mean difference; P b P-value for differences between the Tanner groups.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

“…Although genetic factors play a major role in determining peak bone mass, many environmental factors, such as calcium intake and other nutritional factors, physical activity, and some diseases, also contribute to bone accumulation. For instance, increased calcium intake and physical activity have been found to have a positive effect on bone mass accumulation in growing subjects (Johnston et al, 1992;Lloyd et al, 1993;Lee et al, 1994;Teegarden and Weaver, 1994;Cooper et al;Kannus et al, 1995;Nowson et al, 1995).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Determinants of bone mineralization in 8 to 20 year old Finnish females

et al. 1997

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Objectives:To study the determinants of bone mass and density in Finnish girls and young women. Design: A cross-sectional study. Subjects: One hundred and seventy six 8 to 20 year old female volunteers living in the city of Tampere, Finland. Methods: Calcium intake was estimated from a 7 d calcium intake diary (CaD). Bone mineral content (BMC) and areal density (BMD) were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) at the lumbar spine, femoral neck and distal radius. Volumetric bone mineral apparent density (BMAD) was estimated from these DXA data. In addition, anthropometric characteristics, isometric muscle strength, and the Tanner stage were determined. Menstrual status and physical activity level were assessed by a questionnaire and personal interview. Results: Body weight and Tanner stage were the most important determinants of BMC and BMD. Physical activity was the only not growth-related factor associated with BMC, BMD and BMAD. Therefore, it was examined in detail between the PA and NA groups. Site-specific benefits varied from 5-7% for the BMC (lumbar spine and radius) and BMD (lumbar spine and femoral neck) and was about 5% for the BMAD (femoral neck). Conclusions: Body weight seems to be the most important determinant of the BMC and BMD of growing Finnish girls, but during puberty exercise may beneficially affect BMD at the loaded skeletal sites. Exercise may increase femoral BMAD during peripubertal years. There was no association between calcium intake and the bone variables, but the high level so calcium intake in all age groups of the study was likely to explain the lack of association. Descriptors: bone mineral apparent density; bone mineral density; bone mineral content; calcium intake; physical activity

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determinants of bone mineralization in 8 to 20 year old Finnish females

et al. 1997

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“…47 In general, both healthy adolescents and adolescents with AN consume less calcium than the recommended dietary intake. 41,47 Although there is evidence to suggest that calcium intake increases BMD in healthy children and adolescents, 48 no association has been found between calcium intake and bone mass in adolescents with AN. 41 Vitamin D is crucial to the absorption of calcium.…”

Section: Osteoporosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Medical complications in adolescents with anorexia nervosa: A review of the literature

Katzman

2005

Int. J. Eat. Disord.

318

209

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“…In general, the daily intake of calcium was suf®cient because the girls used dairy products. Although the calcium intake of young girls in the USA is low (Johnston et al, 1992), the dietary calcium intake among young girls in the northern part of Europe is generally adequate (Andersen et al, 1995b;Samuelsson et al, 1996;Boot et al, 1997;Kristinsson et al, 1998).…”

Section: Hypovitaminosis D and Dietary Intakes In Girls M Lehtonen-vementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The bene®ts of a high calcium intake with respect to the development of the skeleton is most apparent in puberty (Abrams et al, 1997). Several studies have shown that the intake of calcium is important for the development of the bone mineral density (Johnston et al, 1992;Chan et al, 1995). The daily recommended intake of calcium among peripubertal girls is from 700 to 900 mgad in Finland.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vitamin D intake is low and hypovitaminosis D common in healthy 9− to 15-year-old Finnish girls

Lehtonen-Veromaa

Möttönen

Irjala³

et al. 1999

Eur J Clin Nutr

187

131

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Objectives: To study the prevalence of hypovitaminosis D, the effect of vitamin D supplementation on serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [S-25(OH)D], and the intakes of vitamin D and calcium in Finnish 9-to 15-year-old athletic and nonathletic girls. Design: 1-year follow-up study (February 1997-March 1998 with three months of vitamin D supplementation (10 mgad) from October to January. Setting: Turku University Central Hospital, Finland. Subjects: 191 female volunteers aged 9 ± 15 y (131 athletes and 60 controls). Methods: Vitamin D and calcium intakes were estimated by a four-day food recording and a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). S-25(OH)D was followed by radioimmunoassay (RIA). Results: At baseline the mean S-25(OH)D concentration was 33.9 nmolal among all girls. In winter severe hypovitaminosis D (S-25(OH)D`20 nmolal) occurred in 13.4% of the participants and in 67.7% S-25(OH)D was below 37.5 nmolal. By the next summer the mean S-25(OH)D concentration was 62.9 nmolal and in 1.6% of the subjects it was below 37.5 nmolal. The prevalence of severe hypovitaminosis D was not signi®cantly reduced by three months of vitamin D (10 mgad) supplementation. At baseline, the mean intake of vitamin D was 2.9 mgad by food recording and 4.3 mgad by FFQ. The mean calcium intake was 1256 mgad and 1580 mgad, respectively. The intakes of vitamin D and calcium remained unchanged during the follow-up period. The athletes consumed more calcium than nonathletic controls, whereas the intake of vitamin D was quite similar among both groups. The vitamin D intake by FFQ correlated with the S-25(OH)D concentration in wintertime (r 0.28, P`0.01). Conclusion: Hypovitaminosis D is fairly common in growing Finnish girls in the wintertime, and three months of vitamin D supplementation with 10 mgad was insuf®cient in preventing hypovitaminosis D. The daily dietary vitamin D intake was insuf®cient (`5 mgad) in the majority of participants, while the calcium intake was usually suf®cient.

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Calcium Supplementation and Increases in Bone Mineral Density in Children

Abstract: In prepubertal children whose average dietary intake of calcium approximated the recommended dietary allowance, calcium supplementation increased the rate of increase in bone mineral density. If the gain persists, peak bone density should be increased and the risk of fracture reduced.

Cited by 968 publications

References 25 publications

Determinants of bone mineralization in 8 to 20 year old Finnish females

Determinants of bone mineralization in 8 to 20 year old Finnish females

Medical complications in adolescents with anorexia nervosa: A review of the literature

Vitamin D intake is low and hypovitaminosis D common in healthy 9− to 15-year-old Finnish girls

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