Calcium Sulfate and Platelet-Rich Plasma make a novel osteoinductive biomaterial for bone regeneration

Abstract

BackgroundWith the present study we introduce a novel and simple biomaterial able to induce regeneration of bone. We theorized that nourishing a bone defect with calcium and with a large amount of activated platelets may initiate a series of biological processes that culminate in bone regeneration. Thus, we engineered CS-Platelet, a biomaterial based on the combination of Calcium Sulfate and Platelet-Rich Plasma in which Calcium Sulfate also acts as an activator of the platelets, therefore avoiding the need to activate the platelets with an agonist.MethodsFirst, we tested CS-Platelet in heterotopic (muscle) and orthotopic (bone) bone regeneration bioassays. We then utilized CS-Platelet in a variety of dental and craniofacial clinical cases, where regeneration of bone was needed.ResultsThe heterotopic bioassay showed formation of bone within the muscular tissue at the site of the implantation of CS-Platelet. Results of a quantitative orthotopic bioassay based on the rat calvaria critical size defect showed that only CS-Platelet and recombinant human BMP2 were able to induce a significant regeneration of bone. A non-human primate orthotopic bioassay also showed that CS-Platelet is completely resorbable. In all human clinical cases where CS-Platelet was used, a complete bone repair was achieved.ConclusionThis study showed that CS-Platelet is a novel biomaterial able to induce formation of bone in heterotopic and orthotopic sites, in orthotopic critical size bone defects, and in various clinical situations. The discovery of CS-Platelet may represent a cost-effective breakthrough in bone regenerative therapy and an alternative or an adjuvant to the current treatments.

Sulfato de calcio: propiedades y aplicaciones clínicas

“…La materia prima de la que se hace es relativamente barata y abundante, se puede combinar con otros materiales como autoinjertos, aloinjertos, fosfatos de calcio, y vidrios bioactivos, para aumentar sus propiedades de unión, el volumen y la eficacia de los injertos óseos. También ha servido como un material de vehículo excelente para los factores de crecimiento y múltiples drogas, a pesar de estas ventajas, el material no ha gozado de la popularidad de muchos otros materiales de regeneración, aunque recientemente ha recibido una atención renovada con propiedades hemostáticas, angiogénicas y de barrera o membrana para la preservación de rebordes alveolares postexodoncias (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8) . …”

Controlled Release Strategies for Bone, Cartilage, and Osteochondral Engineering—Part II: Challenges on the Evolution from Single to Multiple Bioactive Factor Delivery

“…293,294 The application of PRP in cartilage repair is relatively new, and there are limited in vivo studies regarding its use for that specific application. However, it has been shown that PRP stimulates chondrocyte and MSC proliferation and cartilage ECM synthesis of proteoglycans and collagen type II.…”

Revascularization and Treatment Methods

“…72 PRP kullanımının; genç hastalardan kan alma zorluğu, özel ekipman ve PRP belirteci gerektirmesi gibi dezavantajları bulunmaktadır. 7 PRP, sığır trombini veya kalsiyum sülfatla aktive edilmektedir, 73 ancak sığır trombininin hemoraji, tromboz ve sistemik lupus eritomatozus (SLE) gibi önemli immün reaksiyonlara sebep olduğu bildirilmektedir. 74 Bu nedenle, son zamanlarda gerçekleştirilen çalışmalarda sığır trombininin olumsuz etkilerinden dolayı PRP'yi aktive etmek için kalsiyum sülfat kullanılmaktadır.…”

“…74 Bu nedenle, son zamanlarda gerçekleştirilen çalışmalarda sığır trombininin olumsuz etkilerinden dolayı PRP'yi aktive etmek için kalsiyum sülfat kullanılmaktadır. 73 Torabinejad ve ark. 75 11 yaşındaki hastanın ekstrüze olan ve hemen replante edilen ancak pulpal nekroz ve apikal periodontitis gözlenen üst çene ikinci küçük azı dişine % 5,25 NaOCl ile irige ettikten sonra ÜAP uygulamışlardır.…”