Stopped-flow fluorimetric studies at 37°C have shown that ADP, at optimal concentrations, can evoke Ca2l or Mn2" influx in fura-2-loaded human platelets without measurable delay. In contrast, the release of Ca2" from intracellular stores is delayed in onset by about 200 ms. By working at a lower temperature, 17°C, we have now shown that the rise in cytosolic calcium concentration ([Ca2+]1) evoked by ADP in the presence of external Ca2" is biphasic. The use of Mn2" as a tracer for bivalent-cation entry indicates that both phases of the ADP-evoked response are associated with influx. The fast phase of the ADP-evoked rise in [Ca2+]i, which occurs without measurable delay at both 17°C and 37°C, is consistent with Ca2" entry mediated by receptor-operated channels in the plasma membrane. The delayed phase, indicated by Mn2" quench, is coincident with the discharge of the intracellular Ca2" stores. Similarly, blockade of the early phase of Ca2' entry by SK&F 96365 further delays the second phase. It is suggested that a pathway for Ca2' entry which is regulated by the intracellular Ca2+ store exists in platelets. This pathway operates alongside, and appears to be modulated by the activity of, other routes for Ca2' entry into the cytosol.