Calcium-Sensing Receptor

Ray, Kausik K.

doi:10.1016/bs.pmbts.2015.02.006

Cited by 32 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 90 publications

(106 reference statements)

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“…Calcium-sensitive signaling pathways are too numerous to cover in detail here, but include calcium sensitive enzymes like protein kinase C (PKC), calcium-calmodulin dependent kinase II (CamKII) and calcineurin (CaCN) [70], the extracellular calcium–sensing receptor (CaSR) [71], mitochondrial calcium signaling [72], calcium-sensitive adenylyl cyclase [73], and many others.…”

Section: Molecular Mechanisms Of Pbmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Proposed Mechanisms of Photobiomodulation or Low-Level Light Therapy

Freitas

Hamblin

2016

IEEE J. Select. Topics Quantum Electron.

1,009

796

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Photobiomodulation (PBM) also known as low-level laser (or light) therapy (LLLT), has been known for almost 50 years but still has not gained widespread acceptance, largely due to uncertainty about the molecular, cellular, and tissular mechanisms of action. However, in recent years, much knowledge has been gained in this area, which will be summarized in this review. One of the most important chromophores is cytochrome c oxidase (unit IV in the mitochondrial respiratory chain), which contains both heme and copper centers and absorbs light into the near-infra-red region. The leading hypothesis is that the photons dissociate inhibitory nitric oxide from the enzyme, leading to an increase in electron transport, mitochondrial membrane potential and ATP production. Another hypothesis concerns light-sensitive ion channels that can be activated allowing calcium to enter the cell. After the initial photon absorption events, numerous signaling pathways are activated via reactive oxygen species, cyclic AMP, NO and Ca2+, leading to activation of transcription factors. These transcription factors can lead to increased expression of genes related to protein synthesis, cell migration and proliferation, anti-inflammatory signaling, anti-apoptotic proteins, antioxidant enzymes. Stem cells and progenitor cells appear to be particularly susceptible to LLLT.

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Section: Molecular Mechanisms Of Pbmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Proposed Mechanisms of Photobiomodulation or Low-Level Light Therapy

Freitas

Hamblin

2016

IEEE J. Select. Topics Quantum Electron.

1,009

796

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“…A significant contribution to the field of CaR trafficking has come in the last ten years from different groups who have focused on the elucidation of the key steps involved in CaR biosynthesis and trafficking from the ER membrane to the Golgi membrane and then to the plasma membrane (see [ 254 ] for a recent review). A fundamental role in this field is also played by research focused on the CaR-interacting proteins, which finely modulate anterograde and retrograde trafficking of the CaR (for comprehensive reviews see [ 10 , 133 , 254 , 255 , 256 ]).…”

Section: The Extracellular Calcium-sensing Receptor (Car)mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Different Facets of Extracellular Calcium Sensors: Old and New Concepts in Calcium-Sensing Receptor Signalling and Pharmacology

Gerbino

Colella

2018

IJMS

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The current interest of the scientific community for research in the field of calcium sensing in general and on the calcium-sensing Receptor (CaR) in particular is demonstrated by the still increasing number of papers published on this topic. The extracellular calcium-sensing receptor is the best-known G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) able to sense external Ca2+ changes. Widely recognized as a fundamental player in systemic Ca2+ homeostasis, the CaR is ubiquitously expressed in the human body where it activates multiple signalling pathways. In this review, old and new notions regarding the mechanisms by which extracellular Ca2+ microdomains are created and the tools available to measure them are analyzed. After a survey of the main signalling pathways triggered by the CaR, a special attention is reserved for the emerging concepts regarding CaR function in the heart, CaR trafficking and pharmacology. Finally, an overview on other Ca2+ sensors is provided.

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“…A connection with FHL1 was noted in direct protein interaction (Vinayagam et al 2011) and FLNA (Malovannaya et al 2011). FLNA, coded for Filamin A protein, is known to interact with CASR (calcium-sensing receptor) and likely act as part of a scaffold that binds signaling components and other key cellular elements (e.g., the cytoskeleton) to facilitate the interaction of the receptor with its signaling pathways (Ray 2015). …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A rare variant in the FHL1 gene associated with X-linked recessive hypoparathyroidism

Pillar

Pleniceanu

Fang³

et al. 2017

Hum Genet

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Isolated familial hypoparathyroidism is an extremely rare disorder, which to date has been linked to several loci including mutations in CASR, GCM2, and PTH, as well as a rare condition defined as X-linked recessive hypoparathyroidism, previously associated with a 1.5 Mb region on Xq26-q27. Here, we report a patient with hypocalcemia-induced seizures leading to the diagnosis of primary hypoparathyroidism. Mutations in CASR, GCM2, and PTH were ruled out, while whole exome sequencing of the family suggested FHL1, located on chromosome Xq26, as the most likely causative gene variant (FHL1, exon 4, c.C283T, p.R95W). Since FHL1 has not been linked to calcium regulation before, we provide evidence for its functional role in hypoparathyroidism by: (i) bioinformatics analysis coupling its action to known modulators of PTH function; (ii) observing strong expression of fhl1b in Corpuscles of Stannius, gland-like aggregates in zebrafish that function in calcium regulation similar to mammalian PTH; and (iii) implicating fhl1b and FHL1 as regulators of calcium homeostasis in zebrafish and human cells, respectively. Altogether, our data suggest that FHL1 is a novel regulator of calcium homeostasis and implicate it as the causative gene for X-linked recessive hypoparathyroidism.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00439-017-1804-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Calcium-Sensing Receptor

Cited by 32 publications

References 90 publications

Proposed Mechanisms of Photobiomodulation or Low-Level Light Therapy

Proposed Mechanisms of Photobiomodulation or Low-Level Light Therapy

The Different Facets of Extracellular Calcium Sensors: Old and New Concepts in Calcium-Sensing Receptor Signalling and Pharmacology

A rare variant in the FHL1 gene associated with X-linked recessive hypoparathyroidism

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