Calcium Rich Food Wastes Based Catalysts for Biodiesel Production

Catarino, Mónica; Ramos, Marta; Dias, Ana Paula Soares; Santos, Maria Teresa; Puna, Jaime; Gomes, João

doi:10.1007/s12649-017-9988-8

Cited by 46 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…On the other hand, carbon composition slightly increases, due to the adsorption of oily species during the transesterification reaction, as reported in Section 3.3, covering progressively, the available active sites of the catalyst surface. Also, the noticed decrease in calcium content, after the first reaction is probably due to leaching of this element, as noticed previously in other studies [19].…”

Section: Catalyst Characterizationsupporting

confidence: 86%

Preliminary Study on the Use of Biodiesel Obtained from Waste Vegetable Oils for Blending with Hydrotreated Kerosene Fossil Fuel Using Calcium Oxide (CaO) from Natural Waste Materials as Heterogeneous Catalyst

et al. 2019

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In this experimental work, calcium from natural seafood wastes was used as a heterogeneous catalyst separately or in a blend of “shell mix” for producing biodiesel. Several chemical reaction runs were conducted at varied reaction times ranging from 30 min to 8 h, at 60 °C, with a mass content of 5% (Wcat./Woil) and a methanol/oil molar ratio of 12. After the purification process, the biodiesel with fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) weight content measured was higher than 99%, which indicated that it was a pure biodiesel. This work also showed that the inorganic solid waste shell mixture used as the heterogeneous catalyst can be reused three times and the reused mixture still resulted in a FAME content higher than 99%. After 40 different transesterification reactions were performed using liquid (waste cooking oils) and solid (calcium seafood shells) wastes for producing biodiesel, under the specific conditions stated above, we found a successful, innovative, and promising way to produce biodiesel. In addition, blends prepared with jet fuel A1 and biodiesel were recorded with no invalid results after certain tests, at 25 °C. In this case, except for the 10% blend, the added biodiesel had no significant effect on the viscosity (fluidity) of the biojet fuel.

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Section: Catalyst Characterizationsupporting

confidence: 86%

Preliminary Study on the Use of Biodiesel Obtained from Waste Vegetable Oils for Blending with Hydrotreated Kerosene Fossil Fuel Using Calcium Oxide (CaO) from Natural Waste Materials as Heterogeneous Catalyst

et al. 2019

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“…The amount of methanol used corresponded to a methanol/oil molar ratio of 12:1. These conditions resulted from work previously developed within this research group on the transesterification of triglycerides using calcium-rich heterogeneous catalysts and the optimization studies then performed [26][27][28][29].…”

Section: Soybean Oil Transesterificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The purpose of this experimental work was to assess the optimal reaction conditions for the transesterification of the soybean oil, more specifically, considering the reaction time and catalyst loading. The catalyst loading of 5% and the molar ratio of methanol/oil were previously tested within this research group [26][27][28][29]. This was considered a good starting point regarding the evaluation of using calcined eggshells as a heterogeneous catalyst for the transesterification of soybean oil.…”

Section: Catalytic Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Soybean Oil Transesterification for Biodiesel Production with Micro-Structured Calcium Oxide (CaO) from Natural Waste Materials as a Heterogeneous Catalyst

et al. 2019

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In this study, micro-structured calcium oxide obtained from the calcination (850 • C for 3 h) of Gallus gallus domesticus (chicken) eggshells was used as a catalyst in the transesterification of soybean oil. This catalyst was characterized by Scanning Electron Spectroscopy (SEM) methods. The structure of the obtained CaO showed several agglomerates of white granular solids with a non-regular and unsymmetrical shape. In terms of calcium oxide catalytic activity, three different catalyst loadings (1%wt, 3%wt, and 5%wt) were tested for the same reaction conditions, resulting in transesterification yields of 77.27%wt, 84.53%wt, and 85.83%wt respectively. The results were compared to the current literature, and whilst they were lower, they were promising, allowing us to conclude that the tendency of yield improvement for this reaction, when the size range of catalyst particles is to be reduced to a nano scale, can be verified.

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“…[12], in his study on producing CaO as a solid base catalyst, the authors reported that besides the fact that the presence of water in the process has little effect on the catalyst, the use of CaO as a catalyst could provide many advantages such as: high activity, lengthened catalyst life and moderate condition of reaction. Catarino et al [22] prepared biodiesel from waste cooking oils using waste foods as source for calcium oxide (CaO) as catalyst. A 65% yield was obtained mainly due to formation of soap from free fatty acids, proper esterification would have reduced these effect.…”

Section: Fame Yieldmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methanolic Synthesis of Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (FAME) from Waste Materials

Michael

Ajibola

Agbaji

et al. 2019

CSIJ

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Waste materials (carbide slurry and waste cooking oil) were explored in esterification and transesterification reactions as a viable alternative to a sustainable transport fuel production. The Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) and Scanning electron microscope (SEM) techniques showed that the prepared calcium oxide had improved basic sites, calcium content and surface morphology respectively. Reduced glycerol and free fatty acids enhanced mass transfer of moieties. Alkali was supported on the calcium oxide as a bimetallic catalyst. Biodiesel prepared from the esterified high FFA oils using prepared NaOH/CaO catalyst gave good quality yield and it compared favorably with other catalysts obtaining 92.2 ± 0.31% with the prepared catalyst, 90.2 ±0.57 with ACl3 and 89.7± 0.16 with NaOH. The reusability of the prepared NaOH/CaO catalyst gave an appreciable yield of 74.5% on the fourth reaction cycle.

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Calcium Rich Food Wastes Based Catalysts for Biodiesel Production

Cited by 46 publications

References 28 publications

Preliminary Study on the Use of Biodiesel Obtained from Waste Vegetable Oils for Blending with Hydrotreated Kerosene Fossil Fuel Using Calcium Oxide (CaO) from Natural Waste Materials as Heterogeneous Catalyst

Preliminary Study on the Use of Biodiesel Obtained from Waste Vegetable Oils for Blending with Hydrotreated Kerosene Fossil Fuel Using Calcium Oxide (CaO) from Natural Waste Materials as Heterogeneous Catalyst

Soybean Oil Transesterification for Biodiesel Production with Micro-Structured Calcium Oxide (CaO) from Natural Waste Materials as a Heterogeneous Catalyst

Methanolic Synthesis of Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (FAME) from Waste Materials

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