Calcium requirements of lactating Gambian mothers: effects of a calcium supplement on breast-milk calcium concentration, maternal bone mineral content, and urinary calcium excretion

Prentice, Ann; Jarjou, Landing; Cole, Tim; Stirling, Dorothy M.; Dibba, Bakary; Fairweather‐Tait, Susan J.

doi:10.1093/ajcn/62.1.58

Cited by 186 publications

(119 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…The decrease in urinary Ca output partly reflects the reduction in glomerular filtration rate after parturition (150) . Some studies, but not all (151) , have shown that urinary Ca output of BF mothers during the first 3 -6 months of lactation is lower than that of NBF mothers at the same stage postpartum or of NPNL women (91,115,152) .…”

Section: Intestinal Absorption and Renal Excretion Of Calciummentioning

confidence: 98%

“…However, Ca supplementation studies of women during lactation (83,152) , and more recently during pregnancy (24) , have demonstrated that breast-milk Ca concentration is independent of maternal Ca intake, even amongst women with very low Ca intakes. In addition, because breast-milk Ca secretion is regulated by the casein, phosphate and citrate components, it is now recognised that maternal Ca intake is unlikely to influence breast-milk Ca secretion directly (173) .…”

Section: Influence On the Mother In Lactationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Calcium economy in human pregnancy and lactation

et al. 2012

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Pregnancy and lactation are times of additional demand for Ca. Ca is transferred across the placenta for fetal skeletal mineralisation, and supplied to the mammary gland for secretion into breast milk. In theory, these additional maternal requirements could be met through mobilisation of Ca from the skeleton, increased intestinal Ca absorption efficiency, enhanced renal Ca retention or greater dietary Ca intake. The extent to which any or all of these apply, the underpinning biological mechanisms and the possible consequences for maternal and infant bone health in the short and long term are the focus of the present review. The complexities in the methodological aspects of interpreting the literature in this area are highlighted and the inter-individual variation in the response to pregnancy and lactation is reviewed. In summary, human pregnancy and lactation are associated with changes in Ca and bone metabolism that support the transfer of Ca between mother and child. The changes generally appear to be independent of maternal Ca supply in populations where Ca intakes are close to current recommendations. Evidence suggests that the processes are physiological in humans and that they provide sufficient Ca for fetal growth and breast-milk production, without relying on an increase in dietary Ca intake or compromising long-term maternal bone health. Further research is needed to determine the limitations of the maternal response to the Ca demands of pregnancy and lactation, especially among mothers with marginal and low dietary Ca intake, and to define vitamin D adequacy for reproductive women.

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Section: Intestinal Absorption and Renal Excretion Of Calciummentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Influence On the Mother In Lactationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Calcium economy in human pregnancy and lactation

et al. 2012

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“…However, randomized trials and cohort studies have found that this increases urine calcium excretion without affecting milk calcium or the amount of bone resorbed during lactation (206,452,484,723,729,730) (see sects. IVE and VI).…”

Section: Human Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal Mineral and Bone Metabolism During Pregnancy, Lactation, and Post-Weaning Recovery

Kovacs

2016

Physiological Reviews

362

524

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During pregnancy and lactation, female physiology adapts to meet the added nutritional demands of fetuses and neonates. An average full-term fetus contains ϳ30 g calcium, 20 g phosphorus, and 0.8 g magnesium. About 80% of mineral is accreted during the third trimester; calcium transfers at 300-350 mg/day during the final 6 wk. The neonate requires 200 mg calcium daily from milk during the first 6 mo, and 120 mg calcium from milk during the second 6 mo (additional calcium comes from solid foods). Calcium transfers can be more than double and triple these values, respectively, in women who nurse twins and triplets. About 25% of dietary calcium is normally absorbed in healthy adults. Average maternal calcium intakes in American and Canadian women are insufficient to meet the fetal and neonatal calcium requirements if normal efficiency of intestinal calcium absorption is relied upon. However, several adaptations are invoked to meet the fetal and neonatal demands for mineral without requiring increased intakes by the mother. During pregnancy the efficiency of intestinal calcium absorption doubles, whereas during lactation the maternal skeleton is resorbed to provide calcium for milk. This review addresses our current knowledge regarding maternal adaptations in mineral and skeletal homeostasis that occur during pregnancy, lactation, and post-weaning recovery. Also considered are the impacts that these adaptations have on biochemical and hormonal parameters of mineral homeostasis, the consequences for long-term skeletal health, and the presentation and management of disorders of mineral and bone metabolism.

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“…Further information on this area of discussion is available (22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31) .…”

Section: Stratum 5: Mineral Balancementioning

confidence: 99%

Elsie Widdowson Lecture 2006 Mining the depths: metabolic insights into mineral nutrition

Prentice

2007

Proc. Nutr. Soc.

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2006 marked the centenary of the birth of Dr Elsie Widdowson, a pioneer of nutrition science. One of the hallmarks of Elsie Widdowson's research was an integrative approach that recognised the importance of investigating the mechanisms underpinning a public health or clinical issue at all levels, looking into the physiology, comparative biology, intermediate metabolism and basic science. The theme of the present lecture, given in celebration of the work of Dr Widdowson, is mineral nutrition, with a particular focus on Ca, P and vitamin D. The contributions of Dr Widdowson to the early understanding of mineral nutrition are reviewed and the latest scientific findings in this rapidly-expanding field of research are presented.

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Calcium requirements of lactating Gambian mothers: effects of a calcium supplement on breast-milk calcium concentration, maternal bone mineral content, and urinary calcium excretion

Cited by 186 publications

References 23 publications

Calcium economy in human pregnancy and lactation

Calcium economy in human pregnancy and lactation

Maternal Mineral and Bone Metabolism During Pregnancy, Lactation, and Post-Weaning Recovery

Elsie Widdowson Lecture 2006 Mining the depths: metabolic insights into mineral nutrition

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