Calcium Requirement for Penetration of Subsoils by Primary Cotton Roots

Howard, Donald D.; Adams, Fred

doi:10.2136/sssaj1965.03615995002900050025x

Cited by 73 publications

(32 citation statements)

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“…In addition, this ratio is slightly less with KCI (3.75 x 1-0) than with NaCl (3.87 x 10-3) at 50 mM, yet root growth was inhibited by NaCl to a greater extent than by KCI (Table I). Thus, the hypothesis of Adams and co-workers (2,14) does not seem to take into account differences in growth due to ion-specific effects, particularly in relation to salt stress.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Effects of NaCl and CaCl₂ on Ion Activities in Complex Nutrient Solutions and Root Growth of Cotton

Cramer¹,

Läuchli²,

Epstein³

1986

Plant Physiol.

204

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Sodium displaces Ca2 from membranes (GR Cramer, A Liiuchli, VS Polito Plant Physiol 1985 79: 207-211) and this can be related to the (Ca2`)/(Na')2 activity ratio in the external solution (GR Cramer, A Lauchli 1986 J Exp Bot 37: 321-330). Supplemental Ca2" is known to mitigate the adverse effects of salinity on plant growth. In this report we investigated the effects of NaCl (0-250 millimolar) and Ca2" (0.4 and 10 millimolar) on the ion activities in solution and on root growth of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). Ion activities were analyzed using the computer program, GEOCHEM. Most ion activities in a 0.1 modified Hoagland solution were significantly reduced by both NaCl and supplemental Ca2".Ion-pair formation and precipitation were significant for some ions, especially phosphate. Root growth of 6-day-old seedlings was stimulated by low NaCl concentrations (25 millimolar). At higher NaCl concentrations, root growth was inhibited; the concentration at which this occurred depended on the Ca2" concentration and the growth index used. Supplemental Ca2" mitigated the inhibition of root growth caused by NaCl.There was a curvilinear relationship between root growth and the (Ca2")/ (Na+)2 ratio in the nutrient solution. The mechanisms by which Na+ and Ca2 may affect root growth are discussed. MATERIALS AND METHODSAnalysis of Ion Activities in Nutrient Solutions. Ion activities in the nutrient solutions were calculated using the computer program, GEOCHEM (25). The rationale for the use of this program has been described previously (7). Briefly, the program calculates ion activities by a method of successive approximations, taking into consideration ion-pair formation and precipitation.Plant Growth Conditions. Cotton seeds (Gossypium hirsutum L. cv Acala SJ-2) were planted in germination paper 'sandwiches' (16). The sandwiches were inserted into slots of plastic racks which were placed in aerated treatment solutions in 3.7 L plastic containers for continual wetting of the germination paper. The tops ofthe containers were covered with BM and T multipurpose plastic wrap to minimize evaporation from the germination paper and salt accumulation. The control solution consisted of a 0.1 modified Hoagland solution (16) containing 0.4 mM Ca", with a pH of 6.5. Treatments of NaCl (0-250 mm final concentration), NaCl and supplemental Ca2" (9.6 mM CaC12 to make a 10 mm final Ca2+ concentration), or KCI (50 mM final concentration) were added to the control solution. The temperature of the nutrient solution was maintained at 27°C using a Lauda K-2/RD constant-temperature circulator. When the cotyledons emerged, the plants were irradiated with incandescent lighting (400 ,umol m-2 s-'; 15:9 h day:night cycle). Plants were harvested 6 d after the start of seed imbibition. Root growth was measured as length, fresh weight, and dry weight at harvest time.Salt stress may reduce plant growth by water deficits, ion toxicity, ion imbalance, or a combination of any ofthese factors. Cotton is one ofthe most salt-tolerant crops species (1...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Adams and co-workers (2,14) suggested that it is the (Ca")/ (total cation) ratio (where parentheses denote activities) in the nutrient solution that influence growth and Ca> sufficiency. They found that cotton root length began to be inhibited at ratios between 0.1 and 0.15, and markedly declined at ratios below this value.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of NaCl and CaCl₂ on Ion Activities in Complex Nutrient Solutions and Root Growth of Cotton

Cramer¹,

Läuchli²,

Epstein³

1986

Plant Physiol.

204

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“…The development of Ca deficiency in the presence of normally adequate external Ca concentrations under saline conditions has long been established (Adams, 1966;Bennett and Adams, 1970;Howard and Adams, 1965). Ions such as Na + and Mg 2+ , when present in high concentrations under saline conditions, displace membrane-associated Ca 2+ (Cramer and Läuchli, 1986;Cramer et al, 1985;Kinraide, 1999;Yermiyahu et al, 1994).…”

Section: Experiments 1 Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of pH on Na induced Ca deficiency

Kopittke

Menzies

2005

Plant Soil

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Although it is well known that high Na concentrations induce Ca deficiency in acidic conditions, the effect of high pH on this competitive mechanism is not so well understood. The effect of Ca activity ratio (CAR) and pH on the Ca uptake of mungbeans (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek cv. Emerald) and Rhodes grass (Chloris gayana cv. Pioneer) in Na dominated solution cultures and in soil was investigated. Changes in pH in the alkaline range were shown not to affect the critical CAR of 0.024 (corresponding to 90% relative root length) for mungbeans grown in solution culture. Results from soil grown mungbeans confirmed those from solution culture, with a critical CAR of 0.025. A critical CAR of 0.034 was also established for soil grown Rhodes grass. The similarity of critical values established for mungbeans and Rhodes grass in solution culture and soil justifies the use of both solution culture and soil solution measurement as techniques for studying plant growth and limitations across plant species.Abbreviations: CAR -calcium activity ratio; CRBD -completely randomised block design; CRD -completely randomised design; DI -deionised; EC -electrical conductivity; ICPAES -inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy; TDI -triple deionised.

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“…Kerridge (1969) reported that wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) root length was slightly greater at pH 5.0 than at pH 4.0. Howard and Adams (1965) found that a solution pH below 4.2 reduced the growth rate of primary cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) roots.…”

Section: A Low Ph (H Ion Toxicity)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Soil Chemical Factors Limiting Plant Root Growth

Foy¹

1992

Advances in Soil Science

326

162

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Calcium Requirement for Penetration of Subsoils by Primary Cotton Roots

Cited by 73 publications

References 0 publications

Effects of NaCl and CaCl₂ on Ion Activities in Complex Nutrient Solutions and Root Growth of Cotton

Effects of NaCl and CaCl₂ on Ion Activities in Complex Nutrient Solutions and Root Growth of Cotton

Effect of pH on Na induced Ca deficiency

Soil Chemical Factors Limiting Plant Root Growth

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Calcium Requirement for Penetration of Subsoils by Primary Cotton Roots

Cited by 73 publications

References 0 publications

Effects of NaCl and CaCl2 on Ion Activities in Complex Nutrient Solutions and Root Growth of Cotton

Effects of NaCl and CaCl2 on Ion Activities in Complex Nutrient Solutions and Root Growth of Cotton

Effect of pH on Na induced Ca deficiency

Soil Chemical Factors Limiting Plant Root Growth

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Product

Resources

About

Effects of NaCl and CaCl₂ on Ion Activities in Complex Nutrient Solutions and Root Growth of Cotton

Effects of NaCl and CaCl₂ on Ion Activities in Complex Nutrient Solutions and Root Growth of Cotton