“…However, in frog atrial trabecula this triggering action of caffeine can be delayed by local anaesthetics that are known to antagonize the actions of caffeine, by hypertonic solutions and by rapid cooling, probably by blocking the release of Ca2l from the SR (Feinstein, 1963;Chapman & Ellis, 1973;Chapman & Miller, 1974;Chapman, 1977;Volpe, Palade, Costello, Mitchell & Fleischer, 1983;Chamberlain et al 1984). This delay means that if a frog atrial trabecula is exposed to ryanodine, followed by caffeine in the presence of tetracaine (2 mM), the inhibition of the caffeine contracture prevents its triggering action, so that any following caffeine contracture is normal, but as it will now trigger the action of the alkaloid, all subsequent caffeine or rapid cooling contractures are inhibited (Fig.…”