Calcium-Related Physiological Disorders of Plants

Bangerth, F.

doi:10.1146/annurev.py.17.090179.000525

Cited by 435 publications

(238 citation statements)

References 94 publications

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“…In fact, relationships between minerals [the main one in mango is potassium, followed by magnesium and calcium; Simmons et al (1998a)] and shelf life are often studied. In particular it appears that variations in calcium content or the ratio between calcium and the other two minerals delay ripening and senescence (Ferguson, 1984) or reduce storage disorders (Bangerth, 1979). Calcium is supplied by the xylem (Jones et al, 1983), and potassium and magnesium are phloem-mobile nutrients (Nooden, 1988).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An overview of preharvest factors influencing mango fruit growth, quality and postharvest behaviour

Léchaudel

Joas

2007

Braz. J. Plant Physiol.

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Mango, a tropical fruit of great economic importance, is generally harvested green and then commercialised after a period of storage. Unfortunately, the final quality of mango batches is highly heterogeneous, in fruit size as well as in gustatory quality and postharvest behaviour. A large amount of knowledge has been gathered on the effects of the maturity stage at harvest and postharvest conditions on the final quality of mango. Considerably less attention has been paid to the influence of environmental factors on mango growth, quality traits, and postharvest behaviour. In this paper, we provide a review of studies on mango showing how environmental factors influence the accumulation of water, structural and non-structural dry matter in the fruit during its development. These changes are discussed with respect to the evolution of quality attributes on the tree and after harvest. The preharvest factors presented here are light, temperature, carbon and water availabilities, which can be controlled by various cultural practices such as tree pruning, fruit thinning and irrigation management. We also discuss recent advances in modelling mango function on the tree according to environmental conditions that, combined with experimental studies, can improve our understanding of how these preharvest conditions affect mango growth and quality. Key words: environmental conditions, fruit load, irrigation, shelf life, size, taste Uma revisão dos fatores pré-colheita que influenciam o crescimento, qualidade e comportamento pós-colheita de frutos de manga: Manga, um fruto tropical de grande importância, é geralmente colhido verde e comercializado após um período de armazenamento. Infelizmente, a qualidade final da manga na prateleira é altamente heterogênea, em termos de tamanho do fruto, qualidade do paladar e comportamento pós-colheita. Tem-se obtido uma quantidade expressiva de informações sobre os efeitos do estádio de maturação e condições pós-colheita sobre a qualidade final da manga. Contudo, tem-se dado atenção consideravelmente menor à influência dos fatores ambientes sobre o crescimento da manga, características de qualidade e comportamento pós-colheita. Neste artigo, faz-se uma revisão dos estudos sobre manga, evidenciando-se como fatores ambientes afetam o acúmulo de água e de matéria seca estrutural e não-estrutural nos frutos durante o seu desenvolvimento. Discutem-se essas alterações com relação à evolução de atributos de qualidade dos frutos ainda nas plantas e após a colheita. Os fatores de pré-colheita abordados são luz, temperatura, disponibilidades de água e de carbono, raleio de frutos e manejo da irrigação. Discutem-se também recentes avanços sobre modelagem associada à função do fruto na planta, conforme as condições ambientes que, combinados com estudos experimentais, pode melhorar a nossa compreensão sobre como as condições de pré-colheita afetam o crescimento e a qualidade da manga. Palavras-chave: carga de frutos, condições ambientes, irrigação, paladar, vida de prateleira 288 Braz.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An overview of preharvest factors influencing mango fruit growth, quality and postharvest behaviour

Léchaudel

Joas

2007

Braz. J. Plant Physiol.

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“…(158) Kruger et al (159) mentioned that avocado fruit grown from different areas differed in their susceptibility to mesocarp discoloration. Season, irrigation regimes (160) as well as calcium nutrition (161) also contribute to the observed differences in mesocarp discoloration.…”

Section: Physiological Disordersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…( 161,172) Generally, O 2 content of 2% to 5% and CO 2 of 3% to 10% are used to store avocados for five to six weeks. (162,173) According to Burdon and Lallu (153) , CA storage can be maintained by adopting static (SCA) or dynamic (DCA) systems.…”

Section: Controlled Atmospherementioning

confidence: 99%

Avocado Fruit Quality Management during the Postharvest Supply Chain

Bill¹,

Sivakumar²,

Thompson³

et al. 2014

Food Reviews International

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Avocados are a popular subtropical fruit of high economic importance and the European Union is the biggest importer of the bulk of the fruit coming from countries like South Africa, Chile and Israel. The fruit is highly nutritious being rich in vitamins A, B, C, minerals, potassium, phosphorus, magnesium, iron and antioxidants10%. The Guatemalan is native to the Guatemalan highland and has medium round fruit with an oil content of 8 to 15% and a leathery, pliable and non-granular ski n. The tree is less cold tolerant than the Mexican. The Mexican race thrives best in the subtropics and has the smallest fruit of the three races, with a thin skin and the highest oil of up to 30%. (2) The tree is most tolerant of cold growing conditions. Chen et al. (3) confirmed that the substantial genetic differentiation among the three ecological races corresponded to the defined horticultural races, but they also reported that the previously undetected genetic differentiation has two subpopulations from Central Mexico. Many cultivars are hybrids between the races. "Hass" (a Guatemalan x Mexican hybrid) is considered to be the most dominantly grown cultivar in the subtropics (4) and is recognised as the best overall quality avocado available. The fruit weighs between 140 to 400 g with medium to thick skin, leathery, coarse corky in texture and it turns purplish black when ripe. Other popular cultivars include "Fuerte" (a Mexican x Guatemalan hybrid), "Bacon" (a Mexican x Guatemalan hybrid), Pinkerton (a Guatemala hybrid), "Edranol"(a Guatemala hybrid), "Ryan" (a Mexican x Guatemalan hybrid", "Ettinger" (predominantly Mexican) and "Fuchs" (West Indian). (4) The fruit characteristics of the above mentioned cultivars are shown in Table 1. Physical properties of avocadoThe fruit (berry) is pear-shaped, oval or round with a short neck. Fruit length can vary from 7.7 cm to 33 cm and its width can be up to 15 cm. The skin color of the fruit can vary from yellowish green, dark green or reddish-purple, to dark purple (almost black). The edible portion of the fruit, that is, its flesh or pulp can be pale to bright yellow in color and the fruit flavor is described as a buttery or nut-like flavor. Its single seed is situated at the center of the fruit and 3 Table 1 Fruit characteristics of different avocado cultivars a a Source: Whiley et al. (4) the shape of the seed can be oval, round or oblong and generally the length of the seed is around 5 to 6.5 cm long, but may be smaller. The seed is covered by a thin brown seed coat that adheres to the seed cavity. (4) Avocado production and trade European markets. In the EU, the Netherlands and France as well as the UK are the major avocado importing countries. Although the "Fuerte" cultivar displays a green skin color after ripening and is well known in the European markets, the "Hass" cultivar currently dominates the international trade market due to its longer shelf life, large fruit size and its higher consumer acceptance due to its rich nut-like flavor. (11,12) "Hass" is the dominant and m...

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“…(Bornand, 1978 (Cummings, 1973) (Epstein, 1972;Bangerth, 1979; Kirkby, 1979;Clarkson and Hanson, 1980) …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%