Calcium regulation of tip growth: new genes for old mechanisms

Konrad, Kai R.; Wudick, Michael M.; Feijó, José A.

doi:10.1016/j.pbi.2011.09.005

Cited by 77 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 77 publications

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“…Many of these physiological processes are interconnected, rendering the analysis of the Ca 2+ signaling cascades difficult. The current knowledge on generating Ca 2+ gradients and decoding Ca 2+ signatures in pollen tubes has recently been comprehensively reviewed (Konrad et al, 2011;Steinhorst and Kudla, 2012). Much less is known about the role of anions on pollen germination and tube growth performance (Tavares et al, 2011b).…”

Section: Correlation Between Anion and Ca 2+ Homeostasismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pollen tubes are specialized plant cells that grow very rapidly exclusively at the tip (Boavida et al, 2005;Feijó, 2010). They are also highly sensitized cells to various ion fluxes (Michard et al, 2009), making them natural cell biology models for ion signaling (Feijó et al, 2004;Konrad et al, 2011). In fact, a close regulation of ion dynamics, namely in terms of distinct patterns of extracellular fluxes and the formation of cytosolic ion gradients, is associated with pollen tube growth (Michard et al, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mutations of CPK17 and CPK34 were found to have phenotypes in Arabidopsis thaliana pollen tube growth (Myers et al 2009) and CPK11 and CPK24 were recently shown to modulate the activity of the pollen tube's inward rectifying Shaker potassium channel (SPIK) (Zhao et al, 2013); however, other than these CPKs, the physiological role of pollen-specific CPKs is largely unknown (Konrad et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pollen Tube Growth Regulation by Free Anions Depends on the Interaction between the Anion Channel SLAH3 and Calcium-Dependent Protein Kinases CPK2 and CPK20

Gutermuth¹,

et al. 2013

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(J.A.F.).Apical growth in pollen tubes (PTs) is associated with the presence of tip-focused ion gradients and fluxes, implying polar localization or regulation of the underlying transporters. The molecular identity and regulation of anion transporters in PTs is unknown. Here we report a negative gradient of cytosolic anion concentration focused on the tip, in negative correlation with the cytosolic Ca 2+ concentration. We hypothesized that a possible link between these two ions is based on the presence of Ca 2+ -dependent protein kinases (CPKs). We characterized anion channels and CPK transcripts in PTs and analyzed their localization. Yellow fluorescent protein (YFP) tagging of a homolog of SLOW ANION CHANNEL-ASSOCIATED1 (SLAH3:YFP) was widespread along PTs, but, in accordance with the anion efflux, CPK2/CPK20/CPK17/CPK34:YFP fluorescence was strictly localized at the tip plasma membrane. Expression of SLAH3 with either CPK2 or CPK20 (but not CPK17/CPK34) in Xenopus laevis oocytes elicited S-type anion channel currents. Interaction of SLAH3 with CPK2/CPK20 (but not CPK17/CPK34) was confirmed by Förster-resonance energy transfer fluorescence lifetime microscopy in Arabidopsis thaliana mesophyll protoplasts and bimolecular fluorescence complementation in living PTs. Compared with wild-type PTs, slah3-1 and slah3-2 as well as cpk2-1 cpk20-2 PTs had reduced anion currents. Double mutant cpk2-1 cpk20-2 and slah3-1 PTs had reduced extracellular anion fluxes at the tip. Our studies provide evidence for a Ca 2+ -dependent CPK2/CPK20 regulation of the anion channel SLAH3 to regulate PT growth.

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Section: Correlation Between Anion and Ca 2+ Homeostasismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Pollen Tube Growth Regulation by Free Anions Depends on the Interaction between the Anion Channel SLAH3 and Calcium-Dependent Protein Kinases CPK2 and CPK20

Gutermuth¹,

et al. 2013

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“…Calcium (Ca 2+ ) ions are since long recognized to represent important second messengers in many signaling pathways, while increasing evidences have accounted pH changes to several Ca 2+ -dependent signal transduction in plant and fungal cells [8,9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Humic matter elicits proton and calcium fluxes and signaling dependent on Ca2+-dependent protein kinase (CDPK) at early stages of lateral plant root development

Ramos

Dobbss

Santos

et al. 2015

Chem. Biol. Technol. Agric.

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Background: The humic acid (HA) fraction of soil organic matter (SOM) exerts an effective plant growth promotion through a complex mechanism involving a coordinated activation of several key ion transport and signaling systems. We investigated the effects of HA on H + and Ca 2+ cellular dynamics at the early stages of lateral plant root development. Results: Emergence of lateral root in rice seedlings were related to specific H + and Ca 2+ fluxes in the root elongation zone underlying an activation of the plasma membrane H

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“…A number of Ca 2+ -regulated cellular activities, such as cytoskeleton dynamics, exocytosis, and endocytosis, are directly or indirectly involved in the regulation of pollen tube growth (Roy et al, 1999;Hwang et al, 2005;Helling et al, 2006;Konrad et al, 2011). Based on the observation that Ca 2+ is known to regulate the activity of ion channels in many other physiological processes, Ca 2+ and its downstream components are assumed to play crucial roles in modulating ion channel activity during pollen tube growth.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ca2+-Dependent Protein Kinase11 and 24 Modulate the Activity of the Inward Rectifying K+ Channels inArabidopsisPollen Tubes

et al. 2013

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Potassium (K+) influx into pollen tubes via K+ transporters is essential for pollen tube growth; however, the mechanism by which K+ transporters are regulated in pollen tubes remains unknown. Here, we report that Arabidopsis thaliana Ca2+-dependent protein kinase11 (CPK11) and CPK24 are involved in Ca2+-dependent regulation of the inward K+ (K+ in) channels in pollen tubes. Using patch-clamp analysis, we demonstrated that K+ in currents of pollen tube protoplasts were inhibited by elevated [Ca2+]cyt. However, disruption of CPK11 or CPK24 completely impaired the Ca2+-dependent inhibition of K+ in currents and enhanced pollen tube growth. Moreover, the cpk11 cpk24 double mutant exhibited similar phenotypes as the corresponding single mutants, suggesting that these two CDPKs function in the same signaling pathway. Bimolecular fluorescence complementation and coimmunoprecipitation experiments showed that CPK11 could interact with CPK24 in vivo. Furthermore, CPK11 phosphorylated the N terminus of CPK24 in vitro, suggesting that these two CDPKs work together as part of a kinase cascade. Electrophysiological assays demonstrated that the Shaker pollen K+ in channel is the main contributor to pollen tube K+ in currents and acts as the downstream target of the CPK11-CPK24 pathway. We conclude that CPK11 and CPK24 together mediate the Ca2+-dependent inhibition of K+ in channels and participate in the regulation of pollen tube growth in Arabidopsis.

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Calcium regulation of tip growth: new genes for old mechanisms

Cited by 77 publications

References 77 publications

Pollen Tube Growth Regulation by Free Anions Depends on the Interaction between the Anion Channel SLAH3 and Calcium-Dependent Protein Kinases CPK2 and CPK20

Pollen Tube Growth Regulation by Free Anions Depends on the Interaction between the Anion Channel SLAH3 and Calcium-Dependent Protein Kinases CPK2 and CPK20

Humic matter elicits proton and calcium fluxes and signaling dependent on Ca2+-dependent protein kinase (CDPK) at early stages of lateral plant root development

Ca2+-Dependent Protein Kinase11 and 24 Modulate the Activity of the Inward Rectifying K+ Channels inArabidopsisPollen Tubes

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