Calcium Regulation in Plant Cells and its Role in Signaling

Bush, Douglas

doi:10.1146/annurev.pp.46.060195.000523

Cited by 859 publications

(496 citation statements)

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“…(e) Autoradiograph showing Ca# + -activated phosphorylation of histone (used as a model substrate) by a CDPK extracted from nonhormone treated aleurone tissue assayed as in (c) Ca# + and calmodulin. Changes in the concentrations of cytoplasmic Ca# + , often mediated through the regulatory protein CaM, are recognized as ubiquitous signal transduction elements in animal and plant cells (reviewed in Gilroy, Bethke & Jones, 1993 ;Poovaiah & Reddy, 1993 ;Bush, 1995). The cytoplasmic Ca# + concentration ([Ca# + ]) of barley and wheat aleurone cells is elevated from 100 n to around 500 n by GA, whereas ABA reduces Ca# + concentrations ( Fig.…”

Section: Transduction Of the Ga Signalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gibberellins: regulating genes and germination

Ritchie

Gilroy

1998

New Phytologist

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The range of processes regulated by gibberellins (GAs) covers all aspects of the life history of the plant from seed germination to vegetative growth and flowering. In seeds there has been an intensive search, using the techniques of both biochemistry and cell biology, for the regulatory molecules linking GA perception to gene regulation and the events of germination. Although a GA receptor has yet to be identified, the site of perception has been localized to the plasma membrane. Calmodulin, Ca2+ and cGMP have also been identified as elements of the GA signal transduction pathway. These regulators parallel many of the signalling elements identified in the transduction of other signals such as phytochrome and ABA. Studies of GA‐regulated gene expression, principally of the α‐amylases of cereal aleurone, have identified core GA‐responsive promoter elements, such as the gibberellin response element (GARE), box‐1 and pyrimidine boxes, as well as elements that may lend specificity to GA‐regulated expression, such as the Opaque‐2‐similar element (O2S), and TRE and CRE motifs. One of the most striking features of all of these studies of the molecular basis of GA action is the interaction of GA‐dependent regulatory elements with those of other factors such as ABA. GA‐response elements also appear to be conserved between disparate GA‐response systems. For example, Myb transcription factors appear to regulate a multitude of GA‐induced genes in cereal aleurone as well as to alter GA responses when expressed in Arabidopsis. Thus the study of GA signal transduction and response systems is highlighting the conservation of regulatory elements used by plants. These common factors, used by distinct signal transduction systems, provide a molecular basis for the integration of the GA signal with other growth regulators that is the hallmark of plant growth and development.

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Section: Transduction Of the Ga Signalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gibberellins: regulating genes and germination

Ritchie

Gilroy

1998

New Phytologist

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“…Storage root (330 g) of fresh, greenhouse Changes in cytosolic free Ca 2+ concentration are now recgrown red beet was homogenised at pH 8.0 in a Kenwood blender for ognised as being crucial in the transduction of a wide variety approx. 30 s. 1 ml of homogenisation medium [12] was used per g of stimuli in plant cells [1]. It has been established that inositol tissue.…”

Section: Introduction 22 Preparation Of Red Beet Microsomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmacology of Ca²⁺ release from red beet microsomes suggests the presence of ryanodine receptor homologs in higher plants

Muir

Sanders

1996

FEBS Letters

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“…The cytosolic concentration of Ca 21 ([Ca 21 ]cyt) is transiently increased in response to several external and internal stimuli [1,2]. After transfer of Ca 21 signal to downstream molecules, [Ca 21 ]cyt is rapidly decreased through Ca 21 -ATPase and Ca 21 /H 1 antiporter in the plasma, ER, and vacuolar membranes [3].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Ca 21 /H 1 antiporter plays a key role together with Ca 21 -ATPase in the accumulation of Ca 21 in vacuoles which constitute the primary pool of Ca 21 among several organelles of plants [1]. The Ca 21 /H 1 antiporter is driven by a pH gradient generated by vacuolar proton pumps [6,7].…”

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Functional expression of mung bean Ca2+/H+ antiporter in yeast and its intracellular localization in the hypocotyl and tobacco cells

et al. 2000

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The Ca 21 -transport activity and intracellular localization of the translation product of cDNA for mung bean Ca 21 /H 1 antiporter (VCAX1) were examined. When the cDNA was expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae that lacked its own genes for vacuolar Ca 21 -ATPase and the antiporter, VCAX1 complemented the active Ca 21 transporters, and the microsomal membranes from the transformant showed high activity of the Ca 21 /H 1 antiporter. Treatment of the vacuolar membranes with a cross-linking reagent resulted in a clear band of the dimer detected with antibody specific for VCAX1p. The antibody was also used for immunolocalization of the antiporter in fractions obtained by sucrose-density-gradient centrifugation of the microsomal fraction from mung bean. The immunostained band was detected in the vacuolar membrane fraction and the slightly heavy fractions that exhibited activity of the Golgi marker enzyme. A fusion protein of VCAX1p and green fluorescent protein was expressed in tobacco cells. The green fluorescence was clearly observed on the vacuolar membrane and, in some cases, in the small vesicles. [10] revealed that the antiporter is a highly hydrophobic protein with an acidic motif in the centre. The deduced sequences have relatively high identity between the two plant species, although another type of Ca 21 /H 1 antiporter (CAX2p) has been cloned for A. thaliana in addition to the high-capacity antiporter (CAX1p) [9]. The Ca 21 /H 1 antiporter has been detected not only in the vacuolar membrane but also in the plasma [11,12] and plastid [13] membranes. At present, the intracellular distribution of each molecular species is not clear. Without knowing the exact intracellular localization of the antiporter, we cannot understand its cellular function and the contribution of vacuoles to homeostasis in plant cells. The physiological significance of the presence of two different antiporters in plant cells also needs to be clarified.In this study we focused our attention on the function of the translation product of cDNA for the antiporter from mung bean, VCAX1 [10], and its localization in plant cells. By heterologous expression in S. cerevisiae, we directly confirmed that the cDNA (VCAX1) encodes a functional Ca 21 /H 1 antiporter. A specific high-affinity antibody could be obtained by immunization of the recombinant protein purified from VCAX1-transformed S. cerevisiae. Using this antibody, we determined the intracellular location of VCAX1p by two different systems: immunological detection in organelles fractionated from mung bean hypocotyls; fluorescent microscopic observation of the fusion protein of VCAX1p with a green fluorescent protein (GFP) expressed in tobacco cells. In addition to the Ca 21 -transport activity and intracellular localization of VCAX1p, the multimeric structure is also discussed.

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Calcium Regulation in Plant Cells and its Role in Signaling

Cited by 859 publications

References 70 publications

Gibberellins: regulating genes and germination

Gibberellins: regulating genes and germination

Pharmacology of Ca²⁺ release from red beet microsomes suggests the presence of ryanodine receptor homologs in higher plants

Functional expression of mung bean Ca2+/H+ antiporter in yeast and its intracellular localization in the hypocotyl and tobacco cells

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Calcium Regulation in Plant Cells and its Role in Signaling

Cited by 859 publications

References 70 publications

Gibberellins: regulating genes and germination

Gibberellins: regulating genes and germination

Pharmacology of Ca2+ release from red beet microsomes suggests the presence of ryanodine receptor homologs in higher plants

Functional expression of mung bean Ca2+/H+ antiporter in yeast and its intracellular localization in the hypocotyl and tobacco cells

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Pharmacology of Ca²⁺ release from red beet microsomes suggests the presence of ryanodine receptor homologs in higher plants