Calcium Pyrophosphate Crystal Formation and Dissolution

Pritzker, Kenneth P.H.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-5517-9_12

Cited by 11 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 78 publications

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“…The release of Ca 2+ and the hydrolysis of pyrophosphate are the two main mechanisms for dissolution of CPPs, with the former tending to proceed more favorably than the latter, judging based on the relatively large Ca---O bond lengths (and their inverse proportionality to the bond strength)[66], the short distance between oxygen atoms of the two phosphates in the eclipsed pyrophosphate configuration and other parameters of the crystallographic order of β-CPP [67]. The timescale for hydrolysis of pyrophosphate to phosphate in neutral aqueous solutions is in the order of decades [68] and is facilitated by phagocytosis and the presence of enzymes, e.g. alkaline phosphatase [69], or other proteins, e.g.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is there a relationship between solubility and resorbability of different calcium phosphate phases in vitro ?

Uskoković

2016

Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - General Subjects

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BACKGROUND Does chemistry govern biology or it is the other way around - that is a broad connotation of the question that this study attempted to answer. METHOD Comparison was made between the solubility and osteoclastic resorbability of four fundamentally different monophasic CP powders with monodisperse particle size distributions: alkaline hydroxyapatite (HAP), acidic monetite (DCP), β-calcium pyrophosphate (CPP), and amorphous CP (ACP). RESULTS With the exception of CPP, the difference in solubility between different calcium phosphate (CP) phases became neither mitigated nor reversed, but augmented in the resorptive osteoclastic milieu. Thus, DCP, a phase with the highest solubility, was also resorbed more intensely than any other CP phase, whereas HAP, a phase with the lowest solubility, was resorbed least. CPP becomes retained inside the cells for the longest period of time, indicating hindered digestion of only this particular type of CP. Osteoclastogenesis was mildly hindered in the presence of HAP, ACP and DCP, but not in the presence of CPP. The most viable CP powder with respect to the mitochondrial succinic dehydrogenase activity was the one present in natural biological bone tissues: HAP. CONCLUSION Chemistry in this case does have a direct effect on biology. Biology neither overrides nor reverses the chemical propensities of inorganics with which it interacts, but rather augments and takes a direct advantage of them. SIGNIFICANCE These findings set the fundamental basis for designing the chemical makeup of CP and other biosoluble components of tissue engineering constructs for their most optimal resorption and tissue regeneration response.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is there a relationship between solubility and resorbability of different calcium phosphate phases in vitro ?

Uskoković

2016

Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - General Subjects

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“…It is known that short polyphosphate chains [e.g. two (pyrophosphate) or three (tripolyphosphate) phosphates] form crystalline structures naturally (Griffith and Grayson, 1977; Pritzker, 1998). The amorphous packing of PPBs inside M. hungatei observed in this study suggests that they contain longer phosphate chains.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural, mass and elemental analyses of storage granules in methanogenic archaeal cells

Toso¹,

Henstra²,

Gunsalus³

et al. 2011

Environmental Microbiology

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Summary Storage granules are an important component of metabolism in many organisms spanning the bacterial, eukaryal and archaeal domains, but systematic analysis of their organization inside cells is lacking. In this study, we identify and characterize granulelike inclusion bodies in a methanogenic archaeon, Methanospirillum hungatei, an anaerobic microorganism that plays an important role in nutrient recycling in the ecosystem. Using cryo electron microscopy, we show that granules in mature M. hungatei are amorphous in structure with a uniform size. Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis establishes that each granule is a polyphosphate body (PPB) that consists of high concentrations of phosphorous and oxygen, and increased levels of iron and magnesium. By scanning transmission electron tomography, we further estimate that the mass density within a PPB is a little less than metal titanium at room temperature and is about four times higher than that of the surrounding cytoplasm. Finally, three-dimensional cryo electron tomography reveals that PPBs are positioned off-centre in their radial locations relative to the cylindrical axis of the cell, and almost uniformly placed near cell ends. This positioning ability points to a genetic program that spatially and temporally directs the accumulation of polyphosphate into a storage granule, perhaps for energy-consuming activities, such as cell maintenance, division or motility.

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“…However, it was noticed that during the transformation, there were significant changes in the solution pH. It is known that variations in pH can induce changes in the charge carried by protein 30. Protein adsorption on surfaces involves electrostatic interaction that is related to the charge on the protein molecules 31–33.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of albumin on brushite transformation to hydroxyapatite

Xie

Riley

Chittur

2001

J. Biomed. Mater. Res.

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Brushite (CaHPO(4) x 2H(2)O) is a precursor to hydroxyapatite [HA, Ca(5)(PO(4))(3)OH]. It has been shown that a modified form of brushite, with potassium substituting for calcium at specific sites, demonstrated accelerated transformation to HA when exposed to nonproteinaceous Hanks' balanced aqueous salt solutions (HBSS). The biocompatibility of a transforming material is related to cellular response to the process, which is initiated by protein adsorption. The effect of adsorbed protein on the kinetics and chemistry of brushite transformation to HA, when exposed to HBSS containing bovine serum albumin (BSA), was examined using Fourier transform IR spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and energy dispersive spectrometry techniques. The effect of solution pH was also studied. Results show that, in the presence of a protein-free environment, transformation is faster in buffered medium than in nonbuffered medium. Moreover, curve fitting and second derivatives of the IR spectra show that some bands shift depending on whether the brushite transforms in a buffered or nonbuffered medium. Therefore, variation in pH affects both transformation rate and the associated chemistry. The presence of BSA in either buffered or nonbuffered medium retards the transformation in comparison to the corresponding BSA-free medium. The extent of this retardation increases with the increase in bulk concentration of BSA but does not alter the transformation chemistry. This suggests the retardation on the transformation rate is due to BSA adsorption coverage on the calcium phosphate ceramic. This may be due to the shielding of Ca(2+) and PO(4)(-3) sites, preventing their interaction with the HBSS.

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Calcium Pyrophosphate Crystal Formation and Dissolution

Cited by 11 publications

References 78 publications

Is there a relationship between solubility and resorbability of different calcium phosphate phases in vitro ?

Is there a relationship between solubility and resorbability of different calcium phosphate phases in vitro ?

Structural, mass and elemental analyses of storage granules in methanogenic archaeal cells

Effect of albumin on brushite transformation to hydroxyapatite

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