Calcium plus vitamin D3 supplementation facilitated Fat loss in overweight and obese college students with very-low calcium consumption: a randomized controlled trial

Zhu, Wei; Cai, Duan; Wang, Ying; Lin, Ning; Hu, Qingqing; Yang, Qi; Ma, Shuangshuang; Amarasekara, Sidath

doi:10.1186/1475-2891-12-8

Cited by 87 publications

(80 citation statements)

References 37 publications

(51 reference statements)

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“…For estimating sample size, we considered type 1 (α) and type 2 errors (β) of 0.05 and 0.20 (power=80%), respectively, and serum insulin levels as a key variable. On the basis of a previous study [18], the SD of serum insulin was 32.2 pmol/l, and the difference in mean (d) of insulin levels was 25.8 pmol/l. We reached the sample size of 25 participants for each group using the suggested formula for parallel clinical trials.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 87%

Effects of calcium–vitamin D co-supplementation on glycaemic control, inflammation and oxidative stress in gestational diabetes: a randomised placebo-controlled trial

2014

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Aims/hypothesis This study was designed to assess the effects of calcium and vitamin D supplementation on the metabolic status of pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Methods This randomised placebo-controlled trial was performed at maternity clinics affiliated to Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran. Participants were 56 women with GDM at 24-28 weeks' gestation (18 to 40 years of age). Subjects were randomly assigned to receive calcium plus vitamin D supplements or placebo. All study participants were blinded to group assignment. Individuals in the calcium-vitamin D group (n=28) received 1,000 mg calcium per day and a 50,000 U vitamin D 3 pearl twice during the study (at study baseline and on day 21 of the intervention), and those in the placebo group (n=28) received two placebos at the mentioned times. Fasting blood samples were taken at study baseline and after 6 weeks of intervention. Results The study was completed by 51 participants (calcium-vitamin D n=25, placebo n=26). However, as the analysis was based on an intention-to-treat approach, all 56 women with GDM (28 in each group) were included in the final analysis. After the administration of calcium plus vitamin D supplements, we observed a significant reduction in fasting plasma glucose (−0.89 ± 0.69 vs +0.26 ± 0.92 mmol/l, p<0.001), serum insulin levels (−13.55±35.25 vs +9.17± 38.50 pmol/l, p=0.02) and HOMA-IR (−0.91±1.18 vs + 0.63±2.01, p=0.001) and a significant increase in QUICKI (+0.02 ±0.03 vs −0.002 ±0.02, p= 0.003) compared with placebo. In addition, a significant reduction in serum LDL-cholesterol (−0.23±0.79 vs +0.26±0.74 mmol/l, p= 0.02) and total cholesterol: HDL-cholesterol ratio (−0.49± 1.09 vs +0.18±0.37, p=0.003) and a significant elevation in HDL-cholesterol levels (+0.15±0.25 vs −0.02±0.24 mmol/l, p=0.01) was seen after intervention in the calcium-vitamin D group compared with placebo. In addition, calcium plus vitamin D supplementation resulted in a significant increase in GSH (+51.14±131.64 vs −47.27±203.63 μmol/l, p=0.03) and prevented a rise in MDA levels (+0.06±0.66 vs +0.93± 2.00 μmol/l, p=0.03) compared with placebo. Conclusions/interpretation Calcium plus vitamin D supplementation in women with GDM had beneficial effects on their metabolic profile.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 87%

Effects of calcium–vitamin D co-supplementation on glycaemic control, inflammation and oxidative stress in gestational diabetes: a randomised placebo-controlled trial

2014

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“…Body composition data were obtained using a multifrequency bioelectrical impedance analyzer (Zeus 9.9 PLUS; Jawon Medical Co., Ltd., Kungsang Bukdo, South Korea) 17. The subjects were asked to avoid eating or drinking anything except water, and the test was performed after full voiding.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increased body fat rather than body weight has harmful effects on 4-year changes of renal function in the general elderly population with a normal or mildly impaired renal function

Kim¹,

Song²,

Kwon³

et al. 2014

CIA

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BackgroundWith increasing age, body fat increases and muscle mass reduces. Even people with a normal weight may have a higher percentage of body fat. The aim of this study is to investigate the association between increased body fat and renal function decline (RFD) in the general elderly population with normal or mildly impaired renal function.MethodWe conducted a prospective study of 615 healthy individuals in the general Korean population aged ≥60 years who participated in two health screening check-ups separated by a 4-year period. Obesity was defined as the highest sex-specific tertiles of the percentage body fat (PBF). The main outcome was changes of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) during the 4 years. Significant RFD was defined as a decrease of eGFR over the upper quartile (≤−2.1% per year).ResultsThe mean age was 67.2±6.6 years. The median value of the absolute decline in the eGFR and the percent change was −3.0 mL/minute/1.73 m2 and −0.87%/year in men and −3.1 mL/minute/1.73 m2 and −0.89%/year in women, respectively. When stratified by sex-specific PBF tertiles, pronounced differences were observed in both sexes; those at the highest tertile of PBF showed the greatest decline in eGFR. Even after adjustments for traditional risk factors of RFD, PBF was independently associated with eGFR changes (β=−0.181; P<0.001). In addition, the harmful effect of a high PBF was consistently found in subjects with a normal weight, too (β=−0.141; P=0.006). Cases of significant RFD occurred in 181 participants (29.4%), and the risk was higher in obese participants as compared with the nonobese participants. The odd ratios (95% confidence interval) for significant RFD were 2.76 (1.28–7.74) in men and 2.02 (1.06–4.43) in women in a whole population and 3.15 (1.03–18.52) in men and 1.44 (1.01–3.28) in women with a normal weight, respectively.ConclusionAmong the elderly population without comorbidities, increased body fat has a harmful effect on RFD, irrespective of body weight.

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“…Secondary analysis of the Women's Health Initiative study concluded that calcium and vitamin D 3 given in combination decreased the risk of postmenopausal weight gain over an average of 7 years (56) and other prospective studies have shown that weight loss can facilitate an increase in circulating 25(OH)D concentrations over time (57)(58)(59)(60) . Although this evidence appears promising in support of the relationship between vitamin D and weight loss, evidence from intervention studies is less clear (61)(62)(63)(64)(65) . Many of these studies give cholecalciferol with or without calcium and show equivocal results.…”

Section: Prospective and Intervention Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vitamin D and obesity: current perspectives and future directions

2014

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In recent years, new functional roles of vitamin D beyond its traditional role in calcium homoeostasis and bone metabolism have emerged linking the fat-soluble vitamin to various non-communicable diseases. Vitamin D deficiency (25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) < 25-30 nmol/l) and sub-optimal status (25(OH)D < 50-100 nmol/l) are increasingly associated with unfavourable metabolic phenotypes, including insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes and CVD; conditions also commonly linked with overweight and obesity. Early studies reported poor vitamin D status in the morbidly obese. More recently, it has been observed that a graded relationship between vitamin D status and BMI, or specifically adiposity, exists in the general population. A number of hypotheses have been proposed to explain the potential mechanisms whereby alterations in the vitamin D endocrine system occur in the obese state. Plausible explanations include sequestration in adipose tissue, volumetric dilution or negative feedback mechanisms from increased circulating 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D 3 . Others hypothesise that heavier individuals may partake in less outdoor activity, may also cover-up and wear more clothing than leaner individuals, thus decreasing sun exposure and limiting endogenous production of cholecalciferol in the skin. Moreover, in some but not all studies, BMI and adiposity have been negatively associated with the change in vitamin D status following vitamin D supplementation. It therefore remains unclear if body size and/or adiposity should be taken into account when determining the dietary requirements for vitamin D. This review will evaluate the current evidence linking vitamin D status and supplementation to overweight and obesity, and discuss the implications for setting dietary requirements. Vitamin D: Obesity: BMI: Fat mass: Adipose tissueTraditional roles of vitamin D lie within the musculoskeletal system, maintaining calcium homoeostasis and bone metabolism, with deficiency leading to conditions such as rickets in children, or osteoporosis and osteomalacia in adults (1) . However, obesity is now frequently cited as a cause of vitamin D deficiency (2,3) , which may in fact lead to other co-morbidities, such as diabetes and CVD, conditions commonly linked to obesity (4,5) . Indeed, obesity and vitamin D deficiency have concomitantly reached epidemic levels worldwide and research linking the two has grown extensively over the last number of years. It is reasonable to suggest that this nutritional inadequacy may be driven by the increasing obesity rates within the general population, and may therefore improve with a reversal of the latter. However, despite the plethora of evidence available, the mechanisms remain largely unclear and the area of reverse causality is also commonly debated within the literature: does obesity lead to vitamin D deficiency or vice versa?Vitamin D is not technically a vitamin, but is better classified as an active circulating pre-hormone within the body. Limited amounts of vitamin D are obtained from dietary sourc...

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Calcium plus vitamin D3 supplementation facilitated Fat loss in overweight and obese college students with very-low calcium consumption: a randomized controlled trial

Cited by 87 publications

References 37 publications

Effects of calcium–vitamin D co-supplementation on glycaemic control, inflammation and oxidative stress in gestational diabetes: a randomised placebo-controlled trial

Effects of calcium–vitamin D co-supplementation on glycaemic control, inflammation and oxidative stress in gestational diabetes: a randomised placebo-controlled trial

Increased body fat rather than body weight has harmful effects on 4-year changes of renal function in the general elderly population with a normal or mildly impaired renal function

Vitamin D and obesity: current perspectives and future directions

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