Calcium plus Vitamin D Supplementation and the Risk of Fractures

Jackson, Rebecca D.; LaCroix, Andrea Z.; Gass, Margery; Wallace, Robert B.; Robbins, John A.; Lewis, Cora E.; Bassford, Tamsen; Beresford, Shirley A.A.; Black, Henry R.; Blanchette, Patricia L.; Bonds, Denise E.; Brunner, Robert L.; Brzyski, Robert G.; Caan, Bette J.; Cauley, Jane A.; Chlebowski, Rowan T.; Cummings, Steven R.; Granek, Iris A.; Hays, J. Ray; Heiss, Gerardo; Hendrix, Susan L.; Howard, Barbara V.; Hsia, Judith; Hubbell, F. Allan; Johnson, Karen C.; Judd, Howard; Kotchen, Jane Morley; Kuller, Lewis H.; Langer, Róbert; Lasser, Norman L.; Limacher, Marian C.; Ludlam, Shari; Manson, JoAnn E.; Margolis, Karen L.; McGowan, Joan A.; Ockene, Judith K.; OʼSullivan, Mary J.; Phillips, Lawrence S.; Prentice, Ross L.; Sarto, Gloria E.; Stefanick, Marcia L.; Horn, Linda Van; Wactawski‐Wende, Jean; Whitlock, Evelyn P; Anderson, Garnet L.; Assaf, Annlouise R.; Barad, David H.

doi:10.1056/nejmoa055218

Cited by 1,649 publications

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“…On the other hand, the beneficial effect of combined calcium and vitamin D supplementation for fracture prevention in the frail elderly population is considered as documented and constitutes a recommended intervention against bone loss (Kannus et al, 2005). Nevertheless, results from randomized controlled trials concerning the antifracture efficacy of calcium and/or vitamin D intake are not in agreement (Jackson et al, 2006;Bischoff-Ferrari et al, 2007;Tang et al, 2007). In this population of elderly Europeans, no association between hip fracture risk and consumption of dairy products or intake of calcium or vitamin D was observed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diet and hip fractures among elderly Europeans in the EPIC cohort

et al. 2010

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Background/Objectives: Evidence on the role of diet during adulthood and beyond on fracture occurrence is limited. We investigated diet and hip fracture incidence in a population of elderly Europeans, participants in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and nutrition study. Subjects/Methods: 29 122 volunteers (10 538 men, 18 584 women) aged 60 years and above (mean age: 64.3) from five countries were followed up for a median of 8 years and 275 incident hip fractures (222 women and 53 men) were recorded. Diet was assessed at baseline through validated dietary questionnaires. Data were analyzed through Cox proportional-hazards regression with adjustment for potential confounders. Results: No food group or nutrient was significantly associated with hip fracture occurrence. There were suggestive inverse associations, however, with vegetable consumption (hazard ratio (HR) per increasing sex-specific quintile: 0.93, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.85-1.01), fish consumption (HR per increasing sex-specific quintile: 0.93, 95% CI: 0.85-1.02) and polyunsaturated lipid intake (HR per increasing sex-specific quintile: 0.92, 95% CI: 0.82-1.02), whereas saturated lipid intake was positively associated with hip fracture risk (HR per increasing sex-specific quintile: 1.13, 95% CI: 0.99-1.29). Consumption of dairy products did not appear to influence the risk (HR per increasing sex-specific quintile: 1.02, 95% CI: 0.93-1.12). Conclusions: In a prospective study of the elderly, diet, including consumption of dairy products, alcohol and vitamin D, did not appear to play a major role in hip fracture incidence. There is however, weak and statistically non-significant evidence that vegetable and fish consumption and intake of polyunsaturated lipids may have a beneficial, whereas saturated lipid intake a detrimental effect.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diet and hip fractures among elderly Europeans in the EPIC cohort

et al. 2010

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“…The 2007 meta-analysis also included the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) study [20], a large randomized controlled trial with a 7-year follow-up, which showed a nonsignificant decrease in hip fractures (RR = 12%). However, when the study was analyzed to exclude nonadherent subjects (those who took vitamin D and calcium < 80% of the time), calcium and vitamin D intake decreased the relative risk of hip fractures by 29%, which was statistically significant.…”

Section: Skeletal Benefits Of Calcium and Vitamin Dmentioning

confidence: 99%

Calcium and vitamin D: Skeletal and extraskeletal health

Khazai¹,

Judd²,

2008

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“…While widely recommended, calcium has been shown to be necessary but not sufficient for reducing osteoporosis risk. 17 A previous randomized controlled trial in healthy older women with prespecified CVD outcomes showed possible increases in MI and cardiovascular events in women who took calcium. 18 What this Study Adds This meta-analysis included 15 RCTs that had at least 100 participants aged 40 and older and had a study duration of at least 1 year.…”

Section: What This Study Addsmentioning

confidence: 99%