Calcium, Phosphorus and Nitrogen Metabolism of Young College Women

McKay, Hughina; Patton, Mary Brown; Ohlson, Margaret A.; Pittman, Martha S.; Leverton, Ruth M.; Marsh, Alice G.; Stearns, Genevieve; Cox, Gerald J.

doi:10.1093/jn/24.4.367

Cited by 37 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…By contrast, a Great Dane of the same body weight (BW) requires 3,146 mg calcium per day (130 mg/kg BW 0.75 recommended allowance; NRC, ). Humans are able to increase intestinal calcium absorption when calcium intake is low and are, therefore, able to tolerate suboptimal intakes for sustained periods of time (Leitch, ; Malm, ; McKay et al., ; Mitchell & Curzon, ; Potgieter, ). By contrast, adult dogs eating diets comparable in calcium content with western human diets exhibit clinical symptoms of deficiency in a relatively short time (Diquélou et al., ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Faecal calcium excretion does not decrease during long‐term feeding of a low‐calcium diet in adult dogs

Schmitt

Mack

Kienzle

et al. 2017

Animal Physiology Nutrition

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According to a previous meta-analysis, adult dogs do not notably increase calcium absorption from the gastrointestinal tract when calcium intake is decreased. This results in a negative calcium balance even with a moderate calcium reduction. In this study we wanted to verify (i) whether a negative calcium balance occurs at a calcium intake equivalent to NRC (2006) (Nutrient requirements of dogs and cats, 2006, The National Academies Press, Washington, DC) minimal requirements, and if so (ii) whether the negative calcium balance will persist for up to 6 months on a low-calcium diet. After a pre-feeding period of at least 18 weeks with calcium intake slightly exceeding maintenance requirements (200 mg/kg body weight ), 12 dogs (6 Beagles, 6 Foxhound crossbreds) were fed a low-calcium diet for 28 weeks. One dog was removed from the trial for reasons unrelated to the study at week 23. Calcium intake amounted to 60 mg/kg body weight corresponding to the minimal requirement for maintenance in dogs (NRC, 2006 (Nutrient requirements of dogs and cats, 2006, The National Academies Press, Washington, DC)). Digestion trials were carried out at week 7, 14, 21 and 28 of the low calcium feeding period. At these time points, and at week 18 of the pre-trial, blood samples were taken and analysed for calcium, ionised calcium, phosphorus, parathyroid hormone, vitamin D, serum crosslaps and bone alkaline phosphatase. Apparent calcium digestibility was negative throughout the study, suggesting a negative calcium balance. There was no systematic decrease in faecal calcium excretion. Serum calcium, ionised calcium and phosphorus remained within the reference range. Serum crosslaps increased continuously from baseline to week 28 of trial, with averages increasing from 0.102 ng/ml to 0.279 ng/ml, suggesting osteoclastic activity, indicative of calcium mobilisation from the skeleton. The study supports the theory of a lack of adaptation of intestinal calcium absorption from diets with relatively low calcium content in dogs. This agrees with clinical findings in dogs eating low-calcium diet.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Faecal calcium excretion does not decrease during long‐term feeding of a low‐calcium diet in adult dogs

Schmitt

Mack

Kienzle

et al. 2017

Animal Physiology Nutrition

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“…Based on our findings especially of the bone markers, which stayed within the reference range during the peripartal phase and did not indicate predominant bone resorption, we hypothesise that the recommendations for the daily supply with calcium and phosphorus in gestating dogs (DLG, ; FEDIAF ; Meyer et al, ; NRC, ) can be interpreted as sufficient to meet the requirements during this phase. A further increase of dietary calcium and phosphorus supply in peripartal dogs would probably not prevent a certain physiological increase of bone resorption because (a) adult dogs during maintenance did not adapt to a prolonged feeding of a low calcium diet (Schmitt et al, ) and (b) even species which regulate their mineral balance more via intestinal absorption than dogs do, use their skeletal stores during gestation (Bronner & Pansu, ; Malm, ; McKay et al, ; Potgieter, ; Walker, ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Calcium and phosphorus metabolism in peripartal dogs

Schmitt

Dobenecker

2020

Animal Physiology Nutrition

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Recommended allowances for calcium and phosphorus are mostly based on factorial calculations partly set at the level determined adequate for giant breeds (Nutrient requirements of dogs and cats. Washington, DC, USA: The National Academies Press. 2006). Information about appropriateness of supply with both minerals during the peripartal phase is limited. From other species is known that bone mineral stores are used in addition to oral intake of calcium and phosphorus in periods of higher needs such as gestation and lactation. The aim of this study was to determine parameters of calcium and phosphorus homeostasis in female dogs receiving the recommended amount of these minerals according to NRC (Nutrient requirements of dogs and cats. Washington, DC, USA: The National Academies Press. 2006) during the peripartal phase. In five Beagles and four Foxhound crossbreds, all primiparous with a litter size of 1–8 puppies, apparent digestibility of calcium and phosphorus as well as serum parameters of mineral metabolism (total and ionised calcium, phosphorus, parathyroid hormone, bone specific alkaline phosphatase, crosslaps) was determined in the period of 12–9 days before and 4–9 days after parturition. The apparent digestibility of calcium was relatively low and did not differ significantly between both peripartal phases, whereas the apparent digestibility of phosphorus increased during lactation. Serum concentrations of calcium (total as well as ionised), phosphorus and parathyroid hormone did not differ between gestation and lactation. The bone resorption marker serum crosslaps increased in lactating dogs but most individual values were within the reference range for adult female dogs at maintenance. On the other hand, the bone formation marker bone specific alkaline phosphatase decreased from prepartal to postpartal phase with values clearly above reference range in both phases. Based on the results especially of the bone markers, which stayed within the reference range during the peripartal phase without indicating predominant bone resorption, we hypothesise that the applied recommended daily allowances defined for peripartal dogs are appropriate.

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Human Requirement of Calcium, Phosphorus and Magnesium

Stearns¹

1950

JAMA

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Calcium, Phosphorus and Nitrogen Metabolism of Young College Women

Cited by 37 publications

References 9 publications

Faecal calcium excretion does not decrease during long‐term feeding of a low‐calcium diet in adult dogs

Faecal calcium excretion does not decrease during long‐term feeding of a low‐calcium diet in adult dogs

Calcium and phosphorus metabolism in peripartal dogs

Human Requirement of Calcium, Phosphorus and Magnesium

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