Calcium, Phosphorus, and Magnesium Contents of Human Milk During Early Lactation

Feeley, Ruth M.; Eitenmiller, Ronald R.; Jones, J. Benton; Barnhart, Harold M.

doi:10.1097/00005176-198302020-00009

Cited by 26 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…This contrasts with mothers in affluent countries were in general feed frequencies are low and weaning foods replace breast-feeds. Despite these differences in breastfeeding practice within-subject variations in Gambian breast-milk calcium concentrations resembled those reported from developed countries (5)(6)(7)(8). The fact that calcium concentrations were not affected by stage of feed nor time of day shows that representative milk samples can be readily obtained using a simple protocol.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 64%

Breast‐Milk Calcium Concentrations during Prolonged Lactation in British and Rural Gambian Mothers

et al. 1990

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Detailed investigation of breast-milk calcium concentrations during 2 years of lactation have been conducted in Cambridge, UK, and rural Gambia. Mature milk concentrations remained steady for 3 months but declined during months 4-12 by over 25% (p less than 0.001). The pattern was identical in both communities despite differences in breast-feeding practices. Calcium concentrations were not related to feed frequency or breast-milk sodium concentrations, suggesting that breast involution is not responsible for the decrease after 3 months. Breast-milk calcium concentrations were characteristic of the individual, varied twofold between mothers and were independent of maternal age, parity and milk output. Gambian breast-milk contained 19% less calcium than Cambridge milk, throughout lactation (p less than 0.001). The extent to which this reflected the lower calcium intakes of Gambian mothers is unknown. Further studies are required to determine factors regulating breast-milk calcium secretion.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 64%

Breast‐Milk Calcium Concentrations during Prolonged Lactation in British and Rural Gambian Mothers

et al. 1990

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“…The milk calcium concentration seems to be independent of maternal age, parity, and diet. The maternal intake of calcium has not been shown to affect the milk concentration of calcium [44,[46][47][48][49]; in only one study [50] was there a significant increment in the milk content of calcium. A randomized calcium supplementation trial of Gambian lactating women had no effect on the milk calcium content [51].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Qualitative Analysis of Human Milk Produced by Women Consuming a Maize-Predominant Diet Typical of Rural Mexico

Villalpando¹,

Butte²,

Flores-Huerta³

et al. 1998

Ann Nutr Metab

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The milk composition of women on a typical rural Mexican diet was compared with that secreted by American women, consuming a diet typical of affluent countries. Milk concentrations of free fatty acids, cholesterol, total amino acids, and selected key minerals were analyzed at 4 or 6 months postpartum. The total milk fat concentration was lower in the Otomi (22.7 ± 6.7 mg/g milk) than in the American women (31.3 ± 5.4 mg/g milk, p = 0.001). Although the absolute concentration did not differ, cholesterol, expressed in terms of total lipid, was higher in the Otomi milk (3.9 ± 1.1 vs. 3.1 ± 0.7 mg/g fat, p = 0.005). Saturated medium-chain (C10:0–C14:0) and unsaturated intermediate-chain fatty acids (C16:1 and C18:2) were higher in the Otomi than in the American milk (p < 0.03). The concentrations of C16:0, C18:0, and C18:1 were significantly lower in Otomi than in American milk. The milk concentrations of protein and nonprotein nitrogen were comparable between the two groups. The concentrations of serine, proline, cystine, methionine, and tryptophan were higher in the Otomi than in the American milk (p < 0.05–0.001). The concentrations of valine and isoleucine were significantly lower in the Otomi milk (p = 0.05). Expressed per gram of milk protein, the cystine, methionine, lysine, and tryptophan concentrations were higher, and the glutamine/glutamate, valine, isoleucine, and arginine levels were lower in the Otomi milk. The concentrations of phosphorus and copper were lower in the Otomi than in the American milk at 4 months postpartum (p = 0.05). These differences in milk fatty acid and amino acid patterns and mineral content are unlikely to affect infant growth, but may have other biological consequences yet to be ascertained.

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“…However, studies in Gambia have shown that breast milk of black mothers contains 22% less calcium than breast milk of white mothers [28]. Dietary calcium supplementation may influence gestational milk calcium content, but not during lactation [31]. Therefore, ensuring adequate dietary intake of calcium and vitamin D of pregnant women is essential.…”

Section: Nutritional Rickets In Developing Countriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Consensus Development for the Supplementation of Vitamin D in Childhood and Adolescence

et al. 2002

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Calcium, Phosphorus, and Magnesium Contents of Human Milk During Early Lactation

Cited by 26 publications

References 0 publications

Breast‐Milk Calcium Concentrations during Prolonged Lactation in British and Rural Gambian Mothers

Breast‐Milk Calcium Concentrations during Prolonged Lactation in British and Rural Gambian Mothers

Qualitative Analysis of Human Milk Produced by Women Consuming a Maize-Predominant Diet Typical of Rural Mexico

Consensus Development for the Supplementation of Vitamin D in Childhood and Adolescence

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