Calcium Oxalate Crystals in Tomato and Tobacco Plants: Morphology and in Vitro Interactions of Crystal-Associated Macromolecules

Bouropoulos, Nikolaos; Weiner, Steve; Addadi, Lia

doi:10.1002/1521-3765(20010504)7:9<1881::aid-chem1881>3.0.co;2-i

Cited by 132 publications

(103 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Because these acidic proteins are homochiral, they were even found to induce chiral shapes of unique handedness into otherwise achiral minerals. As an example stands calcium oxalate crystals extracted from tomato and tobacco leaves with pseudotetrahedral shape [193].…”

Section: Diastereomers and Diastereomeric Recognitionsupporting

confidence: 55%

Molecular chirality at surfaces

Ernst

2012

Physica Status Solidi (b)

221

264

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With the adsorption of larger molecules being increasingly tackled by surface scientists, the aspect of chirality often plays a role. This paper gives a topical review of molecular chirality at surfaces and gives a phenomenological overview of different aspects of adsorption and self‐assembly of chiral and prochiral molecules and the principles of mirror‐symmetry breaking at a surface. After a brief introduction into the history of molecular chirality and the important role it played for understanding the spatial structure of molecules, definitions of chirality are presented. Topics treated here are principle ways to create single chiral adsorbates, chiral ensembles, and monolayers by achiral molecules, adsorption of intrinsically chiral molecules at achiral and chiral surfaces, long‐range symmetry breaking in two‐dimensional (2D) crystals due to additional chiral bias, chiral restructuring of solid surfaces under the influence of chiral molecules, switching the handedness of adsorbates, and chirality at the liquid/air interface. An outlook onto further potential research directions and recommendations for further reading, including nonsurface‐related sources of chiral topics completes this paper.

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Section: Diastereomers and Diastereomeric Recognitionsupporting

confidence: 55%

Molecular chirality at surfaces

Ernst

2012

Physica Status Solidi (b)

221

264

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“…AFM images of the surfaces of the washed COD crystals were flat and devoid of any features associated with adsorbed poly(acrylic acid), which typically is evident as irregular lumps when adsorbed on CaOx surfaces. Powder x-ray diffraction of COD crystals grown by this method confirmed the existence of COD, and no unusual features were observed that would suggest inclusion of poly(acrylic acid) in the crystals, as has been suggested for proteins and amino acids in COM (14,15). Topographical and lattice images of the crystal surfaces were acquired with commercial Si 3 N 4 cantilever tips in aqueous solutions containing 0.11 mM CaOx.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crystal Surface Adhesion Explains the Pathological Activity of Calcium Oxalate Hydrates in Kidney Stone Formation

Sheng

Ward

Wesson

2005

Journal of the American Society of Nephrology

105

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Renal tubular fluid in the distal nephron of the kidney is supersaturated with calcium oxalate (CaOx), which crystallizes in the tubules as either calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) or calcium oxalate dihydrate (COD). Kidney stones are aggregates, most commonly containing microcrystals of COM as the primary inorganic constituent. Stones also contain small amounts of embedded proteins, which are thought to play an adhesive role in these aggregates, and they often are found attached to the tip of renal papilla, presumably through adhesive contacts. Voided urine, however, often contains COD in the form of single micron-sized crystals. This suggests that COD formation protects against stone disease because of its reduced capacity to form stable aggregates and strong adhesion contacts to renal epithelial cells. Using atomic force microscopy configured with tips modified with biologically relevant functional groups, we have compared the adhesion strengths of the morphologically important faces of COM and COD. These measurements provide direct experimental evidence, at the near molecular level, for poorer adhesion at COD crystal faces, which explains the benign character of COD and has implications for resolving one of the mysteries of kidney stone formation.

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“…27 For the preparation of metal-doped COM, the metal salts [CuSO4*5H2O (Merck, Darmstadt, Germany), CdCl2*2.5H2O (Sigma-Aldrich, St.…”

Section: Calcium Oxalate Synthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural analysis of metal-doped calcium oxalate

et al. 2015

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Calcium oxalate crystals are the most common biominerals found in plants. They also make their presence known as painful kidney stones in humans and animals. Their function in plants is extraordinarily versatile and encompasses calcium storage and defense mechanisms against herbivores and detoxification processes. Since plants containing calcium oxalate crystals are often exposed to metallic environments, we studied the interaction of such environmental metals with calcium oxalate in vitro. We showed that selected metals are indeed incorporated into synthetic calcium oxalate, and in a manner that depends on their ionic radius when precipitated in solution. One such mechanism of incorporation is based on the replacement of calcium ions by other metal cations within the host unit cell. The unit cell of calcium oxalate expands when incorporating elements with larger atomic radii and shrinks when doped with elements possessing ionic radii smaller than that of calcium. In this systematic study, metal-doped calcium oxalate crystals were characterized by means of high-resolution synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. Better understanding of metal incorporation into mineral hosts might lead to ways of developing new and more efficient sorbent materials for detoxification processes.

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Calcium Oxalate Crystals in Tomato and Tobacco Plants: Morphology and in Vitro Interactions of Crystal-Associated Macromolecules

Cited by 132 publications

References 48 publications

Molecular chirality at surfaces

Molecular chirality at surfaces

Crystal Surface Adhesion Explains the Pathological Activity of Calcium Oxalate Hydrates in Kidney Stone Formation

Structural analysis of metal-doped calcium oxalate

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