Calcium Metaphosphate Effect of Impurities on Fusibility, Citrate Solubility, and Hygroscopicity

Frear, G. L.; Deese, E. F.; Lefforge, J. W.

doi:10.1021/ie50417a017

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 6 publications

(10 reference statements)

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“…Hence, this method of treating phosphate rock may be considered subsidiary to the thermal reduction process. The process and reactions have been adequately described by Copson (7), Curtis (9,10), and Frear (17,18). Briefly, it involves the burning of elemental phosphorus in the lower part of a shaft furnace and forcing the resultant oxide up through a column of phosphate rock.…”

Section: Calcium Metaphosphate Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors Affecting Development

Waggaman¹,

Bell²

1950

Ind. Eng. Chem.

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Section: Calcium Metaphosphate Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors Affecting Development

Waggaman¹,

Bell²

1950

Ind. Eng. Chem.

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“…Phase equilibrium diagram of the binary system CaO-P 2 O 5 , based on experimental data from the literature. − ,− The solid lines are shown based on the model by Hudon and Jung …”

Section: Fundamental High-temperature Phosphorus Chemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of Phosphorus Chemistry in the Thermal Conversion of Biomass: Progress and Perspectives

et al. 2023

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Phosphorus is vital for all life, which means that phosphorus is present in all biomass to some extent. Some types of biomass, such as certain agricultural residues, animal biomass, and sewage sludge, contain high levels of phosphorus. In thermal conversion of biomass, high levels of phosphorus can cause various operational problems. Extensive work has been carried out to understand the phosphorus chemistry taking place at higher temperatures. However, until now, knowledge about transformation chemistry and fate of phosphorus during thermal conversion of biomass was not easily accessible in one place. In this work, the outcome of an extensive literature review has been summarized. First, an introduction to the role of phosphorus in biomass, and in what forms it may be present, is given. Different analytical techniques relevant for characterization of phosphorus in biomass, biomass char, and biomass ash are described. A classification of phosphorus-rich biomass is proposed, and the potential of different phosphorus-rich biomass types is presented. To provide a common basis for the field of high-temperature phosphorus chemistry, fundamental chemistry relevant for thermal conversion of biomass is first discussed. This includes the gas phase chemistry and reaction pathways of light phosphorus species, pyrolysis, and combustion of organophosphorus compounds, and solid, liquid, and gaseous interactions with other ash-forming elements. Thereafter, an in-depth review of phosphorus transformations in biomass, including decomposition of organic phosphorus, ash transformations in the condensed phase, release to the gas phase, and formation of particulate matter in the flue gas follows. Finally, the review covers research focusing on phosphorus in different application aspects, such as the use of phosphorus as an additive to mitigate operational problems related to slag and deposit formation, the behavior of phosphorus in fluidized bed technologies, corrosion, and the deactivation of SCR catalysts.

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“…4). A sample containing Ca:P = 0.5 was produced as well but could not be collected from the filter, suggesting that a too low Ca:P ratio could potentially result in a more hydrated powder, probably related to the hygroscopic properties of P 2 O 5 (Frear et al 1944). In contrast, the SSA of FSP-made amorphous iron phosphates was independent of composition for Fe:P C 0.5 (Hilty et al 2009).…”

Section: Calcium Phosphates: Crystallinity and Phase Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dissolution and storage stability of nanostructured calcium carbonates and phosphates for nutrition

et al. 2016

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Rapid calcium (Ca) dissolution from nanostructured Ca phosphate and carbonate (CaCO 3 ) powders may allow them to be absorbed in much higher fraction in humans. Nanosized Ca phosphate and CaCO 3 made by flame-assisted spray pyrolysis were characterized by nitrogen adsorption, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. As-prepared nanopowders contained both CaCO 3 and CaO, but storing them under ambient conditions over 130 days resulted in a complete transformation into CaCO 3 , with an increase in both crystal and particle sizes. The small particle size could be stabilized against such aging by cation (Mg, Zn, Sr) and anion (P) doping, with P and Mg being most effective. Calcium phosphate nanopowders made at Ca:P B 1.5 were XRD amorphous and contained c-Ca 2 P 2 O 7 with increasing hydroxyapatite content at higher Ca:P. Aging of powders with Ca:P = 1.0 and 1.5 for over 500 days gradually increased particle size (but less than for CaCO 3 ) without a change in phase composition or crystallinity. In 0.01 M H 3 PO 4 calcium phosphate nanopowders dissolved &4 times more Ca than micronsized compounds and about twice more Ca than CaCO 3 nanopowders, confirming that nanosizing and/or amorphous structuring sharply increases Ca powder dissolution. Because higher Ca solubility in vitro generally leads to greater absorption in vivo, these novel FASP-made Ca nanostructured compounds may prove useful for nutrition applications, including supplementation and/or food fortification.

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Calcium Metaphosphate Effect of Impurities on Fusibility, Citrate Solubility, and Hygroscopicity

Cited by 7 publications

References 6 publications

Factors Affecting Development

Factors Affecting Development

Review of Phosphorus Chemistry in the Thermal Conversion of Biomass: Progress and Perspectives

Dissolution and storage stability of nanostructured calcium carbonates and phosphates for nutrition

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