Calcium, Magnesium, and Phosphate

Bazydlo, Lindsay A.L.; Needham, Marisa A.; Harris, Neil

doi:10.1309/lmglmz8ciymfnogx

Cited by 47 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Notably, the protein-bound Mg 2+ cations (0.2-0.3 mmol/L [27,28]) could form similar compound. Given the significant difference between the prPi/prCa molar ratios of the adenine-fed (0.8) and control rats (<0.3), the quantity of (prPi/prCa)100% may serve as a serum index of the vascular calcification status in chronic kidney disease.…”

Section: Calcium and Phosphate Fractions In Rat Serummentioning

confidence: 99%

Protein-bound calcium phosphate in uremic rat serum: a quantitative study

et al. 2020

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Protein-bound calcium (prCa) constitutes about 40% of serum total calcium, in which albumin is the most dominant protein. Given the chemical interaction between calcium and phosphate (Pi), the increased serum Pi in chronic kidney disease may cause changes in the composition and structure of the prCa fraction. Here, we report the phosphate binding on the protein-bound calcium in uremic rat serum. Using adenine-fed rats as a uremic model, we determined the levels of calcium and phosphate fractions in rat serum by ultrafiltration, and found that the level of protein-bound phosphate (prPi) in the uremic serum was markedly higher than in control. The elevated prPi level was comparable to the prCa level, consistent with the presence of protein-bound calcium phosphate pr(Ca)j-m(CaPi)m. We then confirmed its presence by ex vivo X-ray absorption near-edge structure spectroscopy, revealing the discrete state of the calcium phosphate clusters associated with protein. Finally, in a quantitative investigation using Ca-and Piboosted serum, we discovered the threshold concentration for the Pi binding on prCa, and determined the binding constant. The threshold, while preventing Pi from binding to prCa in normal condition, allows excess Pi to do so. The protein-bound calcium phosphate could act as a link between the metabolism of serum proteins and the homeostasis of phosphate and calcium, and it deserves further investigation whether the molar ratio of (prPi/prCa)100% may serve as a serum index of the vascular calcification status in chronic kidney disease.

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Section: Calcium and Phosphate Fractions In Rat Serummentioning

confidence: 99%

Protein-bound calcium phosphate in uremic rat serum: a quantitative study

et al. 2020

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“…Blood samples were collected from the two clinically affected cows and from 14 clinically healthy cows in the same herd under similar management and production conditions. The blood serum was separated and submitted to the clinical pathology section of the Direction of Veterinary Laboratories (Dirección de Laboratorios Veterinarios) (DILAVE) for determination of serum Ca by o-cresolphthalein complexone and 8-hydroxyquinoline procedures (Bazydlo et al 2014). Total blood P was determined by the ammonium molybdate method measured at 340nm wave-length, and Mg concentration was assessed by the xylidyl blue reaction (Wiener lab  , Argentina) (Baginski et al 1975, Bazydlo et al 2014.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hypomagnesemia in dairy cattle in Uruguay

et al. 2019

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An outbreak of hypomagnesemia is reported in Holstein dairy cattle grazing lush oat (Avena sativa) pasture in Uruguay. Nine of 270 (3.3%) cows died in May-July (autumn-winter) 2017. These nine cows were from 2 to 9-years-old (1st-6th lactation), with 22 to 194 days of lactation and 15.8 to 31.4L of daily milk production. Two cows with acute sialorrhea, muscle spasms, lateral recumbency, weakness, opisthotonos, and coma, were euthanized and necropsied. No significant macroscopic or histological lesions were found. One untreated clinically-affected cow and eight out of 14 clinically healthy cows of the same group under similar management and production conditions had low serum levels of Mg (lower than 0.7mmol/L). Secondarily, both clinically affected cows and six out of 14 healthy cows had low serum Ca levels. The K/(Ca+Mg) ratio of two oat forages, corn silage, and ration was 5.10, 7.73, 2.45, and 0.85, respectively. A K/(Ca+Mg) ratio lower than 2.2 represents a risk for hypomagnesemia. The difference between the contribution-requirement of minerals in the diet was established and a daily deficiency of Mg (-0.36g/day), Na (-25.2g/day) and Ca (-9.27g/day) was found, while K (184.42g/day) and P (12.81g/day) were in excess. The diet was reformulated to correct the deficiencies and the disease was controlled by the daily administration of 80g of magnesium oxide, 80g of calcium carbonate and 30g sodium chloride per cow. It is concluded that hypomagnesemia is a cause of mortality in dairy cattle in Uruguay, and that the condition can be prevented by appropriate diet formulation.

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“…the retentate of the adenine-fed rat serum obtained by ultrafiltration. The slightly higher prPi than prCa (1.47 vs 1.29, adenine-fed, Table 2) results from the Pi anions bound to the Mg 2+ cations that associated with serum proteins (0.2-0.3 mmol/L [25,26]). Magnesium cations have been shown to reduce the Pi-associated calcification in vitro [27] and in model mice [28].…”

Section: Protein-bound Calcium Phosphate In Adenine-fed Rat Serummentioning

confidence: 97%

Protein-Bound Calcium Phosphate in Uremic Rat Serum: A Quantitative Study

Fan¹,

Gou²,

Gao³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Protein-bound calcium (prCa) constitutes about 40% of serum calcium, in which albumin is the most dominant protein. Given the chemical interaction between calcium and phosphate (Pi), the increased serum Pi in chronic kidney disease may cause changes in the composition and structure of the prCa fraction. Here, we report <a>the Pi binding on the protein-bound calcium in uremic rat serum.</a> Using adenine-fed rats as a uremic model, we determined the levels of calcium and phosphate fractions in rat serum by ultrafiltration, and found that the protein-bound phosphate (prPi) in the uremic serum was markedly higher than that in control rat serum. The elevated prPi level was comparable to the prCa level, indicating the formation of protein-bound calcium phosphate pr(Ca)j-m(CaPi)m. We then characterized pr(Ca)j-m(CaPi)m by ex vivo X-ray absorption near-edge structure spectroscopy, revealing the discrete state of the calcium phosphate clusters associated with protein. Finally, in a quantitative investigation using Ca- and Pi-boosted serum, we discovered the threshold concentration for the Pi binding on protein-bound calcium, and derived an equation that correlates pr(Ca)j-m(CaPi)m with the Ca´Pi product. The threshold, while preventing phosphate from binding to protein-bound calcium in normal condition, allows excess phosphate to do so. Thus, the formation of protein-bound calcium phosphate represents a way in which serum proteins mediate the levels of calcium and phosphate. It deserves further investigation whether the molar ratio of (prPi/prCa)×100% may serve as a serum index of the vascular calcification status in chronic kidney disease.

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Calcium, Magnesium, and Phosphate

Cited by 47 publications

References 10 publications

Protein-bound calcium phosphate in uremic rat serum: a quantitative study

Protein-bound calcium phosphate in uremic rat serum: a quantitative study

Hypomagnesemia in dairy cattle in Uruguay

Protein-Bound Calcium Phosphate in Uremic Rat Serum: A Quantitative Study

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