Calcium-independent CaMKII activity is involved in ginsenoside Rb1-mediated neuronal recovery after hypoxic damage

Park, Jin Kyu; Namgung, Uk; Lee, Chang Joong; Park, Jong Oh; Jin, Sung‐Ha; Kwon, Oh‐Bin; Ko, Sung Ryong; Kim, Sang Won; Kang, Eun Hee; Ko, Ji Hun; Lee, Sang Myung; Kim, Dong Hee; Won, Moo Ho

doi:10.1016/j.lfs.2004.10.011

Cited by 21 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 31 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…This phenomenon is also observed in other studies by using ginsenosides [24][25][26]. The complexity and diversity of metabolites result in difference of biological activities should be also considered.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Differential effects of ginsenosides on NO and TNF-α production by LPS-activated N9 microglia

Yang

et al. 2007

International Immunopharmacology

135

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

“…However, the exact mechanisms that determine the activities of ginseng saponins require further investigation. ERK1/2 and JNK activities contributing to the upregulation of iNOS expression in macrophages cells have been reported [24,25]. The ERK and JNK pathways are identified to be of major relevance for the LPSmediated expression of iNOS.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential effects of ginsenosides on NO and TNF-α production by LPS-activated N9 microglia

Yang

et al. 2007

International Immunopharmacology

135

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…Although neuroprotective effects of Rb1 and Rg3 have been reported in various neurotoxic conditions (Bae et al 2004;Kim et al 1998b;Lim et al 1997;Park et al 2005), up-regulation of bax gene expression by Rg3 was newly suggested in this study as one of the mechanisms underlying their neuroprotective potentials. Further studies on pharmaceutical mechanisms of the ginsenosides could contribute to better understanding of therapeutic usefulness of ginseng itself or purified ginsenosides in neuropathologies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

“…Numerous studies have demonstrated that ginsenoside Rb1, one of the main ingredients of ginseng root, exerts diverse neuromodulatory effects. Rb1 protects neurons from ischemia (Lim et al 1997), glutamate toxicity (Kim et al 1998b), hypoxia (Park et al 2005), and seizures (Lian et al 2006). It also enhances the expression of genes in cholinergic and neurotrophic systems (Salim et al 1997), facilitates acetylcholine metabolism (Benishin et al 1991), promotes neurite outgrowth (Rudakewich et al 2001), and improves synaptic plasticity (Mook-Jung et al 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ginsenoside Rb1 and Rg3 Attenuate Glucocorticoid-Induced Neurotoxicity

et al. 2010

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Glucocorticoid (GC) hormones, increased in response to stress, can cause neuronal loss. We tested the effect of GC hormone on cell viability of neural SHSY-5Y cells and protective effects of ginsenoside Rb1 and Rg3 on the action of GC. We treated SHSY-5Y cells with increasing concentrations of synthetic GC dexamethasone (DEX; 10, 25, 50, and 100 nM) for 24 and 48 h, and then determined cell viability by using MTT assay. We then treated SHSY-5Y cells with DEX (100 nM) with or without the ginsenosides to examine their preventive effects on the cytotoxicity. To explore the underlying molecular mechanisms, we measured mRNA expression of bax and bcl-2 by using reverse transcriptase real-time PCR. SHSY-5Y cells treated with DEX significantly reduced cell viability as compared with control cells. In the presence of Rb1 or Rg3, DEX-induced cytotoxicity was effectively blocked. DEX considerably increased pro-apoptotic bax mRNA expression as compared with control cells. However, Rb1 and Rg3 completely blocked DEX-mediated up-regulation of bax expression. DEX significantly increased neuronal death in organotypic hippocampal slice cultures of rat brain with enhanced generation of ROS, which was effectively inhibited by ginsenoside Rb1 and Rg3. This suggests a potential role of the ginsenosides to target GC action in the brain.

show abstract

“…43 Moreover, restoring CaMKII activity in hippocampal neurons by treatment with a chemical found in ginseng roots, ginsenoside Rb1, protects and repairs neurons that have been damaged by hypoxia. 44 In patients suffering from schizophrenia and depression, CaMKII gene expression has also been found to be significantly altered in the hippocampus and frontal cortex. 45 Loss of synaptic function appears to underlie neurological deficits observed in patients with chronic neurocognitive disorders like HIV-associated neurological disease and Alzheimer disease.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%