Calcium Imaging of Neural Activity in the Olfactory System of Drosophila

Strutz, Antonia; Völler, Thomas; Riemensperger, Thomas; Fiala, André; Sachse, Silke

doi:10.1007/978-1-62703-014-4_3

Cited by 25 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 99 publications

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“…The dissection of fly brains was carried out as previously described (Silbering et al, 2011;Strutz et al, 2012). Confocal scans were obtained using multiplephoton confocal laser scanning microscopy (MPCLSM) (Zeiss laser scanning microscopy [LSM] 710 NLO confocal microscope; Carl Zeiss) using a 403 water immersion objective (W Plan-Apochromat 40x/1.0 DIC M27; Carl Zeiss) in combination with the internal Argon 488 (LASOS) and Helium-Neon 543 (Carl Zeiss) laser lines.…”

Section: Confocal Microscopy 3d Reconstruction and Volume Quantificmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elucidating the Neuronal Architecture of Olfactory Glomeruli in the Drosophila Antennal Lobe

et al. 2016

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Olfactory glomeruli are morphologically conserved spherical compartments of the olfactory system, distinguishable solely by their chemosensory repertoire, anatomical position, and volume. Little is known, however, about their numerical neuronal composition. We therefore characterized their neuronal architecture and correlated these anatomical features with their functional properties in Drosophila melanogaster. We quantitatively mapped all olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) innervating each glomerulus, including sexually dimorphic distributions. Our data reveal the impact of OSN number on glomerular dimensions and demonstrate yet unknown sex-specific differences in several glomeruli. Moreover, we quantified uniglomerular projection neurons for each glomerulus, which unraveled a glomerulus-specific numerical innervation. Correlation between morphological features and functional specificity showed that glomeruli innervated by narrowly tuned OSNs seem to possess a larger number of projection neurons and are involved in less lateral processing than glomeruli targeted by broadly tuned OSNs. Our study demonstrates that the neuronal architecture of each glomerulus encoding crucial odors is unique.

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Section: Confocal Microscopy 3d Reconstruction and Volume Quantificmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elucidating the Neuronal Architecture of Olfactory Glomeruli in the Drosophila Antennal Lobe

et al. 2016

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“…To overcome this issue, Drosophila genetics permits the expression of calcium sensors encoded by transgenes. Such sensors often utilize some iteration of a fluorescent molecule bound to calmodulin [38, 39], which contains four Ca 2+ binding sites. In these sensors, the fluorophore weakly fluoresces under low calcium conditions; upon calcium binding, calmodulin undergoes a conformational change that also adjusts the structure of the linked fluorescent protein to enhance fluorescence.…”

Section: Attempts To Image Calcium Within the Drosophila Oocytementioning

confidence: 99%

“…In these sensors, the fluorophore weakly fluoresces under low calcium conditions; upon calcium binding, calmodulin undergoes a conformational change that also adjusts the structure of the linked fluorescent protein to enhance fluorescence. Transgenic Drosophila strains are available in which such constructs, commonly the GCaMP family or cameleon constructs, have been used with great success in the soma of Drosophila [38, 39]. Modifications will need to be made for their use in egg activation, however.…”

Section: Attempts To Image Calcium Within the Drosophila Oocytementioning

confidence: 99%

Calcium and egg activation in Drosophila

Sartain¹,

Wolfner²

2013

Cell Calcium

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Summary In many animals, a rise in intracellular calcium levels is the trigger for egg activation, the process by which an arrested mature oocyte transitions to prepare for embryogenesis. In nearly all animals studied to date, this calcium rise, and thus egg activation, is triggered by the fertilizing sperm. However in the insects that have been examined, fertilization is not necessary to activate their oocytes. Rather, these insects’ eggs activate as they transit through the female’s reproductive tract, regardless of male contribution. Recent studies in Drosophila have shown that egg activation nevertheless requires calcium and that the downstream events and molecules of egg activation are also conserved, despite the difference in initial trigger. Genetic studies have uncovered essential roles for the calcium-dependent enzyme calcineurin and its regulator calcipressin, and have hinted at roles for calmodulin, in Drosophila egg activation. Physiological and in vitro studies have led to a model in which mechanical forces that impact the Drosophila oocyte as it moves through the reproductive tract triggers the influx of calcium from the external environment, thereby initiating egg activation. Future research will aim to test this model, as well as to determine the spatiotemporal dynamics of cytoplasmic calcium flux and mode of signal propagation in this unique system.

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“…We asked whether models obtained on the DoOR data are useful to predict Olfactory Sensory Neuron (OSN) activity in the Antennal Lobe (AL) of Drosophila . To this end, we measured the odor‐evoked activity of OSNs in the AL using in vivo Ca 2+ ‐imaging 25…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Functional imaging of odor‐evoked Ca 2+ activity in the antennal lobe was performed in five flies as described previously 25. Odors were diluted with a ratio 1 : 100 in mineral oil.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physicochemical vs. Vibrational Descriptors for Prediction of Odor Receptor Responses

Gabler

Soelter

Hussain

et al. 2013

Molecular Informatics

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Responses of olfactory receptors (ORs) can be predicted by applying machine learning methods on a multivariate encoding of an odorant's chemical structure. Physicochemical descriptors that encode features of the molecular graph are a popular choice for such an encoding. Here, we explore the EVA descriptor set, which encodes features derived from the vibrational spectrum of a molecule. We assessed the performance of Support Vector Regression (SVR) and Random Forest Regression (RFR) to predict the gradual response of Drosophila ORs. We compared a 27-dimensional variant of the EVA descriptor against a set of 1467 descriptors provided by the eDragon software package, and against a 32-dimensional subset thereof that has been proposed as the basis for an odor metric consisting of 32 descriptors (HADDAD). The best prediction performance was reproducibly achieved using SVR on the highest-dimensional feature set. The low-dimensional EVA and HADDAD feature sets predicted odor-OR interactions with similar accuracy. Adding charge and polarizability information to the EVA descriptor did not improve the results but rather decreased predictive power. Post-hoc in vivo measurements confirmed these results. Our findings indicate that EVA provides a meaningful low-dimensional representation of odor space, although EVA hardly outperformed "classical" descriptor sets.

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Calcium Imaging of Neural Activity in the Olfactory System of Drosophila

Cited by 25 publications

References 99 publications

Elucidating the Neuronal Architecture of Olfactory Glomeruli in the Drosophila Antennal Lobe

Elucidating the Neuronal Architecture of Olfactory Glomeruli in the Drosophila Antennal Lobe

Calcium and egg activation in Drosophila

Physicochemical vs. Vibrational Descriptors for Prediction of Odor Receptor Responses

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