Calcium enrichment in sea spray aerosol particles

Salter, Matthew; Hamacher-Barth, Evelyne; Leck, Caroline; Werner, Josephina; Johnson, Cortina; Riipinen, Ilona; Nilsson, E. Douglas; Zieger, Paul

doi:10.1002/2016gl070275

Cited by 77 publications

(111 citation statements)

References 52 publications

(96 reference statements)

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“…If the surface composition is driving the water uptake at these small sizes, only minute amounts of surface-tension-reducing substances are needed to result in a notable effect29. Salter et al 24. observed Ca 2+ -enrichment in nascent sea spray aerosols using both the same artificial sea salt solution used in this study and one ambient seawater sample.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 63%

Revising the hygroscopicity of inorganic sea salt particles

et al. 2017

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Sea spray is one of the largest natural aerosol sources and plays an important role in the Earth’s radiative budget. These particles are inherently hygroscopic, that is, they take-up moisture from the air, which affects the extent to which they interact with solar radiation. We demonstrate that the hygroscopic growth of inorganic sea salt is 8–15% lower than pure sodium chloride, most likely due to the presence of hydrates. We observe an increase in hygroscopic growth with decreasing particle size (for particle diameters <150 nm) that is independent of the particle generation method. We vary the hygroscopic growth of the inorganic sea salt within a general circulation model and show that a reduced hygroscopicity leads to a reduction in aerosol-radiation interactions, manifested by a latitudinal-dependent reduction of the aerosol optical depth by up to 15%, while cloud-related parameters are unaffected. We propose that a value of κs=1.1 (at RH=90%) is used to represent the hygroscopicity of inorganic sea salt particles in numerical models.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 63%

Revising the hygroscopicity of inorganic sea salt particles

et al. 2017

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“…The enrichment of Ca in the aerosol phase compared to the seawater composition is of the order of 500 %. A significant enrichment of calcium in the PM 1 primary marine aerosol compared to the composition of the seawater has also been reported in earlier studies (Keene et al, 2007;Cochran et al, 2016;Salter et al, 2016), with an increased enrichment with decreasing aerosol size. The study by Salter et al (2016) suggests that some calcium ions are clustering close to the sea surface (probably in the form of carbonate ions), and that if calcium is complexing to organic matter at the seawater surface, it is with minor amounts of organic compounds.…”

Section: Number and Ccn Concentrationsmentioning

confidence: 50%

“…A significant enrichment of calcium in the PM 1 primary marine aerosol compared to the composition of the seawater has also been reported in earlier studies (Keene et al, 2007;Cochran et al, 2016;Salter et al, 2016), with an increased enrichment with decreasing aerosol size. The study by Salter et al (2016) suggests that some calcium ions are clustering close to the sea surface (probably in the form of carbonate ions), and that if calcium is complexing to organic matter at the seawater surface, it is with minor amounts of organic compounds. In our study, higher chloride deficits and calcium enrichments are observed for enriched mesocosms compared to the control mesocosm, which suggests that biological processes may modulate the deficiency or enrichment of these species in the PMA compared to the seawater.…”

Section: Number and Ccn Concentrationsmentioning

confidence: 50%

Primary marine aerosol physical flux and chemical composition during a nutrient enrichment experiment in mesocosms in the Mediterranean Sea

et al. 2017

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Abstract. While primary marine aerosol (PMA) is an important part of global aerosol total emissions, its chemical composition and physical flux as a function of the biogeochemical properties of the seawater still remain highly uncharacterized due to the multiplicity of physical, chemical and biological parameters that are involved in the emission process. Here, two nutrient-enriched mesocosms and one control mesocosm, both filled with Mediterranean seawater, were studied over a 3-week period. PMA generated from the mesocosm waters were characterized in term of chemical composition, size distribution and size-segregated cloud condensation nuclei (CCN), as a function of the seawater chlorophyll a (Chl a) concentration, pigment composition, virus and bacteria abundances. The aerosol number size distribution flux was primarily affected by the seawater temperature and did not vary significantly from one mesocosm to the other. The aerosol number size distribution flux was primarily affected by the seawater temperature and did not vary significantly from one mesocosm to the other. Particle number and CCN aerosol fluxes increase by a factor of 2 when the temperature increases from 22 to 32 • C, for all particle submicron sizes. This effect, rarely observed in previous studies, could be specific to oligotrophic waters and/or to this temperature range. In all mesocosms (enriched and control mesocosms), we detected an enrichment of calcium (+500 %) and a deficit in chloride (−36 %) in the submicron PMA mass compared to the literature inorganic composition of the seawater. There are indications that the chloride deficit and calcium enrichment are linked to biological processes, as they are found to be stronger in the enriched mesocosms. This implies a non-linear transfer function between the seawater composition and PMA composition, with comPublished by Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union. plex processes taking place at the interface during the bubble bursting. We found that the artificial phytoplankton bloom did not affect the CCN activation diameter (D p,50,average = 59.85 ± 3.52 nm and D p,50,average = 93.42 ± 5.14 nm for supersaturations of 0.30 and 0.15 % respectively) or the organic fraction of the submicron PMA (average organic to total mass = 0.31 ± 0.07) compared to the control mesocosm. Contrary to previous observations in natural bloom mesocosm experiments, the correlation between the particle organic fraction and the seawater Chl a was poor, indicating that Chl a is likely not a straightforward proxy for predicting, on a daily scale, PMA organic fraction in models for all types of sea and ocean waters. Instead, the organic fraction of the Aitken mode particles were more significantly linked to heterotrophic flagellates, viruses and dissolved organic carbon (DOC). We stress that different conclusions may be obtained in natural (non-enriched) or non-oligotrophic systems.

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“…It has also been found to be significantly enriched in Antarctic coasts and seawater, which suggests additional anthropogenic sources of Ca 2+ are present (Préndez et al, 2009;Budhavant et al, 2015). Calcium enrichment has also been observed in the Arctic as suggested by very recent evidence by Salter et al (2016).…”

Section: Chemical Compositionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Primary sources control the variability of aerosol optical properties in the Antarctic Peninsula

Asmi

Neitola

Teinilä

et al. 2018

Tellus B: Chemical and Physical Meteorology

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Aerosol particle optical properties were measured continuously between years 2013-2015 at the Marambio station in the Antarctic Peninsula. Annual cycles of particle scattering and absorption were studied and explained using measured particle chemical composition and the analysis of air mass transport patterns. The particle scattering was found elevated during the winter but the absorption did not show any clear annual cycle. The aerosol single scattering albedo at λ = 637 nm was on average 0.96 ± 0.10, with a median of 0.99. Aerosol scattering Ångström exponent increased during summer, indicating an increasing fraction of fine mode particles. The aerosol was mainly composed of sea salt, sulphate and crustal soil minerals, and most of the particle mass were in the coarse mode. Both the particle absorption and scattering were increased during high wind speeds. This was explained by the dominance of the primary marine sea-spray and wind-blown soil dust sources. In contrast, the back-trajectory analysis suggested that long-range transport has only a minor role as a source of absorbing aerosol at the peninsula.

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Calcium enrichment in sea spray aerosol particles

Cited by 77 publications

References 52 publications

Revising the hygroscopicity of inorganic sea salt particles

Revising the hygroscopicity of inorganic sea salt particles

Primary marine aerosol physical flux and chemical composition during a nutrient enrichment experiment in mesocosms in the Mediterranean Sea

Primary sources control the variability of aerosol optical properties in the Antarctic Peninsula

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