Calcium deficiency cannot induce obesity in rats

Paradis, Sébastien; Cabanac, Michel

doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2005.03.026

Cited by 23 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…This suggests a macronutrient-specific effect of the calciumþD supplementation on spontaneous energy intake, and ties up with the concept of a 'calcium-specific appetite control' recently proposed by Tordoff (10) . Although this concept has not been well characterized in man, appetite for specific minerals and for calcium in particular (11) exists in …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Calcium plus vitamin D supplementation and fat mass loss in female very low-calcium consumers: potential link with a calcium-specific appetite control

et al. 2008

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This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was conducted to compare the effect of a 15-week weight-reducing programme (2 2900 kJ/d) coupled with a calcium plus vitamin D (calciumþ D) supplementation (600 mg elemental calcium and 5 mg vitamin D, consumed twice a day) or with a placebo, on body fat and on spontaneous energy/macronutrient intake. Sixty-three overweight or obese women (mean age 43 years, mean BMI 32 kg/m 2 ) reporting a daily calcium intake , 800 mg participated in present study. Anthropometric variables, resting energy expenditure and spontaneous energy intake were measured before and after the 15-week programme. The calciumþ D supplementation induced no statistically significant increase in fat mass loss in response to the programme. However, when analyses were limited to very low-calcium consumers only (initial calcium intake #600 mg/d, n 7 for calciumþ D, n 6 for placebo), a significant decrease in body weight and fat mass (P,0·01) and in spontaneous dietary lipid intake (P,0·05) was observed in the calciumþ D but not in the placebo group. In very low-calcium consumers, change in fat mass was positively correlated with change in lipid intake. During the weight-reducing programme, a calciumþ D supplementation was necessary in female overweight/obese very low-calcium consumers to reach significant fat mass loss that seemed to be partly explained by a decrease in lipid intake. We propose that this change in lipid intake could be influenced by a calcium-specific appetite control. The hypothesis that calcium/dairy supplementation might accentuate fat mass loss in the context of a weight-reducing programme in obese individuals compared to a non-supplemented control condition has been demonstrated in some (1,2) , but not all (3) studies. One explanation for this discrepancy could be the difference in habitual calcium intake of participants. Indeed, based on results showing that women consuming less than 600 mg calcium/d had an increased percentage body fat (4) , the existence of a threshold of usual calcium intake below which a supplementation in this mineral would effectively promote fat mass loss is possible. The first objective of the present study was to investigate this hypothesis and to assess the impact of a calcium plus vitamin D (calciumþD) supplementation on the outcome of a weightreducing programme in female low-and very low-calcium consumer (VL-CC) overweight/obese subjects.Up to now, the potential effect of calcium on energy balance and adiposity has been explained by a suppression of calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D) which decreases intra-adipocyte calcium influx and concentration (5) leading to a reduced lipogenic gene expression and stimulation of lipolysis and adipocytes uncoupling protein 2 expression (6,7) .Moreover, a diet high in calcium was also shown to increase 24 h lipid oxidation (8) and to reduce lipid absorption due to the intestinal formation of calcium-fatty acids insoluble 'soaps' that are excreted in the faeces (9) . From another perspective, the idea of ...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Calcium plus vitamin D supplementation and fat mass loss in female very low-calcium consumers: potential link with a calcium-specific appetite control

et al. 2008

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“…Several studies have shown that rats fed with a diet with a low content of a specific mineral developed a preference for substances with higher concentration in the minerals they had been deprived of. This is the case for calcium, sodium and magnesium (117–122). The existence of a phosphorus, iron, zinc and copper‐specific appetite in response to their specific deficient state in rats has also been suggested (118,123–126).…”

Section: Proposition 12: An Inadequate Calcium Intake Negatively Inflmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The existence of a phosphorus, iron, zinc and copper‐specific appetite in response to their specific deficient state in rats has also been suggested (118,123–126). In a recent paper, Paradis and Cabanac showed that rats fed for 6 weeks with a low‐calcium purified diet (calcium concentration <0.02%) did not differ from rats on a regular diet (calcium concentration = 0.97%) or from rats on a diet supplemented with chicken bones for BMI or fat mass (119). However, when the three groups of rats were offered four solutions of different CaCl 2 concentrations, the calcium‐deprived group preferred and consumed significantly more of the high CaCl 2 solution.…”

Section: Proposition 12: An Inadequate Calcium Intake Negatively Inflmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent developments in calcium‐related obesity research

et al. 2008

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The influence of calcium and dairy food intake on energy balance is the object of a growing scientific literature. This manuscript presents the information discussed by subject experts during a symposium on calcium and obesity, initially planned to document in a comprehensive manner the role of calcium and dairy food on energy balance and body composition. This manuscript is organized into 13 propositions statements which either resume the presentation of an invited speaker or integrate recent developments in calcium-related obesity research. More specifically, the effects of calcium and dairy consumption on body weight and adiposity level, appetite, weight loss intervention outcome, lipid-lipoprotein profile and the risk to develop metabolic syndrome are discussed together with the metabolic mechanisms proposed to explain these effects. Taken together, the observations presented in this manuscript suggest that calcium and dairy food intake can influence many components of energy and fat balance, indicating that inadequate calcium/dairy intake may increase the risk of positive energy balance and of other health problems.

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“…However, no evidence for higher energy expenditure has been found in Wistar rats and the decrease in body weight and fat content have been at least partially attributed to faecal fat loss due to the formation of calcium soap [3]. Moreover, recent papers in C57BL/6J mice and also in Sprague-Dawley or Wistar rats do not support the hypothesis of dietary calcium in regulating energy metabolism and obesity [4,5]. Therefore, contradictory data exist concerning the effects of dietary calcium on body weight and energy metabolism in animal models.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%