Calcium citrate: from biochemistry and physiology to clinical applications

Palermo, Andrea; Naciu, Anda Mihaela; Tabacco, Gaia; Manfrini, Silvia; Trimboli, Pierpaolo; Vescini, Fabio; Falchetti, Alberto

doi:10.1007/s11154-019-09520-0

Cited by 28 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…According to Ferraro et al [35], this lifestyle and nutritional approach reduces by over 60% the risk of nephrolithiasis. Regarding pharmacological treatment of osteoporosis and nephrolithiasis, considering the role of citrate in the pathogenesis of both disorders, we propose they will be carried out ad hoc clinical trials should be performed to evaluate the use of this alkalinizing agents for treatment of both these strictly related disorders [38,39]. In conclusion, the study results demonstrate that free-living adult subjects over the age of 40 with idiopathic osteoporosis have an increased risk of incident nephrolithiasis, suggesting the advisability of appropriate investigation and treatment of the metabolic alterations predisposing to nephrolithiasis in patients with osteoporosis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Osteoporosis is a Predictive Factor for Nephrolithiasis in an Adult Free-Living Caucasian Population From Southern Italy: A Longitudinal Retrospective Study Based on a General Practice Database

et al. 2020

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Osteoporosis and nephrolithiasis are common multifactorial disorders with high incidence and prevalence in the adult population worldwide. Both are associated with high morbidity and mortality if not correctly diagnosed and accurately treated. Nephrolithiasis is considered a risk factor for reduced bone mineral density. Aim of this retrospective longitudinal study was to evaluate if osteoporosis is a predictive factor for the nephrolithiasis occurrence. Free-living subjects referring to “COMEGEN” general practitioners cooperative operating in Naples, Southern Italy. Twelve thousand seven hundred ninety-four Caucasian subjects (12,165 female) who performed bone mineral density by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and have a negative personal history for nephrolithiasis. Subjects aged less than 40 years or with signs or symptoms suggestive of secondary osteoporosis were excluded from the study. In a mean lapse of time of 19.5 months, 516 subjects had an incident episode of nephrolithiasis. Subjects with osteoporosis had an increased risk of nephrolithiasis than subjects without osteoporosis (Hazard Ratio = 1.33, 95% Confidence Interval 1.01–1.74, p = 0.04). Free-living adult subjects over the age of 40 with idiopathic osteoporosis have an increased risk of incident nephrolithiasis, suggesting the advisability of appropriate investigation and treatment of the metabolic alterations predisposing to nephrolithiasis in patients with osteoporosis. The study protocol was approved by the ASL Napoli 1 Ethical Committee, protocol number 0018508/2018

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Osteoporosis is a Predictive Factor for Nephrolithiasis in an Adult Free-Living Caucasian Population From Southern Italy: A Longitudinal Retrospective Study Based on a General Practice Database

et al. 2020

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“…On the other hand, calcium supplementation in CCS is not well investigated. Calcium is mainly supplemented as carbonate or citrate formulation, even though calcium citrate could be associated with less severe gastrointestinal adverse events, such as constipation and flatulence [ 164 ].…”

Section: Therapy and Preventionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Osteoporosis in Childhood Cancer Survivors: Physiopathology, Prevention, Therapy and Future Perspectives

Tortora

Paoletta

Marrapodi

et al. 2022

Cancers

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The improvement of chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgical interventions, together with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, increased childhood cancer survival rate in the last decades, reaching 80% in Europe. Nevertheless, anti-cancer treatments are mainly responsible for the onset of long-term side effects in childhood cancer survivors (CCS), including alterations of the endocrine system function and activity. In particular, the most frequent dysfunction in CCS is a metabolic bone disorder characterized by low bone mineral density (BMD) with increased skeletal fragility. BMD loss is also a consequence of a sedentary lifestyle, malnutrition, and cancer itself could affect BMD, thus inducing osteopenia and osteoporosis. In this paper, we provide an overview of possible causes of bone impairment in CCS in order to propose management strategies for early identification and treatment of skeletal fragility in this population.

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“…Apart the protective role of KDs/KBs on the epileptic clinical manifestations, it is also important to stress the importance that these diets are adequately associated with appropriate supplements of minerals, such as calcium, preferably as calcium citrates, and magnesium salts [138,155], and vitamins, including C and D, in order to confer a sort of skeletal protection, especially, but not limited to, young subjects destined to follow KD regimens for long periods of time, if not for all the life. In particular, associated treatment with potassium citrate may act as a protecting factor to prevent nephrolithiasis due to aciduria and hypocitraturia [155] induced by KD and MAD. Of course, randomized and controlled clinical trials versus placebo are not ethically recommendable in these patients, but both in vitro and in vivo model studies on animal/human mature bone/osteoprogenitor cell/primary culture cells may give further insights on this topic.…”

Section: Kds and The Role Of Mineral Supplementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy Metabolism and Ketogenic Diets: What about the Skeletal Health? A Narrative Review and a Prospective Vision for Planning Clinical Trials on this Issue

Merlotti

Cosso

Eller-Vainicher

et al. 2021

IJMS

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The existence of a common mesenchymal cell progenitor shared by bone, skeletal muscle, and adipocytes cell progenitors, makes the role of the skeleton in energy metabolism no longer surprising. Thus, bone fragility could also be seen as a consequence of a “poor” quality in nutrition. Ketogenic diet was originally proven to be effective in epilepsy, and long-term follow-up studies on epileptic children undergoing a ketogenic diet reported an increased incidence of bone fractures and decreased bone mineral density. However, the causes of such negative impacts on bone health have to be better defined. In these subjects, the concomitant use of antiepileptic drugs and the reduced mobilization may partly explain the negative effects on bone health, but little is known about the effects of diet itself, and/or generic alterations in vitamin D and/or impaired growth factor production. Despite these remarks, clinical studies were adequately designed to investigate bone health are scarce and bone health related aspects are not included among the various metabolic pathologies positively influenced by ketogenic diets. Here, we provide not only a narrative review on this issue, but also practical advice to design and implement clinical studies on ketogenic nutritional regimens and bone health outcomes. Perspectives on ketogenic regimens, microbiota, microRNAs, and bone health are also included.

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Calcium citrate: from biochemistry and physiology to clinical applications

Cited by 28 publications

References 71 publications

Osteoporosis is a Predictive Factor for Nephrolithiasis in an Adult Free-Living Caucasian Population From Southern Italy: A Longitudinal Retrospective Study Based on a General Practice Database

Osteoporosis is a Predictive Factor for Nephrolithiasis in an Adult Free-Living Caucasian Population From Southern Italy: A Longitudinal Retrospective Study Based on a General Practice Database

Osteoporosis in Childhood Cancer Survivors: Physiopathology, Prevention, Therapy and Future Perspectives

Energy Metabolism and Ketogenic Diets: What about the Skeletal Health? A Narrative Review and a Prospective Vision for Planning Clinical Trials on this Issue

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