“…Concrete is a widely-used industrial composite material, which is primarily composed of cement, sand, gravel, water, mineral admixtures (e.g., fly ash, slag, and silica fume), and chemical admixtures [1,2,3]. It is estimated that civil infrastructures including dams, long-span bridges, high-rise buildings, power plants, and harbor constructions could consume more than 10 million cubic meters of mass concrete in China every year [3,4,5].…”