Calcium carbonate as ikaite crystals in Antarctic sea ice

Dieckmann, Gerhard; Nehrke, Gernot; Papadimitriou, Stathys; Göttlicher, Jörg; Steininger, Ralph; Kennedy, Hilary; Wolf-Gladrow, Dieter; Thomas, David N.

doi:10.1029/2008gl033540

Cited by 220 publications

(266 citation statements)

References 14 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

239

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…CaCO 3 would hardly be limited by Ca availability, since the latter is abundant in seawater, with concentration reaching ~10,000 mmol/m 3, [Sarmiento and Gruber, 2006], i.e., much more than what is required to precipitate significant amounts of CaCO 3 . Ikaite crystals, thermodynamically stable at -4.5°C, have been observed in Weddell Sea and Arctic sea ice [Dieckmann et al, 2008;, which suggests that other anhydrous carbonate mineral phases (calcite, aragonite, vaterite), stable at higher temperatures, could be kinetically inhibited . However, it has proven difficult to reproduce CaCO 3 precipitation in artificial sea ice growth experiments, highlighting that the authigenesis of ikaite in sea ice is not yet fully understood [e.g., Fischer et al, 2012].…”

Section: Inorganic Carbon Dynamicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These include the metabolic activities (i.e., primary production and respiration) [e.g., Arrigo et al, 2010;Deming, 2010], which produce and absorb biogenic gases such as O 2 , CO 2 and DMS [Gleitz et al, 1995;Glud et al, 2002;Delille et al, 2007;Tison et al, 2010]. They also include carbonate chemistry, which plays an important role in the dynamics of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) in sea ice [Delille, 2006;Rysgaard et al, 2007;Miller et al, 2011a;Geilfus et al, 2012], and the precipitation of calcium carbonate (CaCO 3 ) in the form of ikaite crystals as recently observed in Arctic and Antarctic sea ice [Dieckmann et al, 2008;.…”

Section: Gas Tracersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Inorganic carbon dynamics in sea ice are driven by brine dynamics, gas-exchanges at the brinesnow-atmosphere interfacial region Miller et al, 2011b], carbonate chemistry in brines, CaC0 3 precipitation [Dieckmann et al, 2008; and biological processes . Dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and alkalinity (Alk) enter the sea ice system during formation.…”

Section: Inorganic Carbon Dynamicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Role of sea ice in global biogeochemical cycles: emerging views and challenges

Vancoppenolle

Meiners

Michel

et al. 2013

Quaternary Science Reviews

212

215

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

International audienceObservations from the last decade suggest an important role of sea ice in the global biogeochemical cycles, promoted by (i) active biological and chemical processes within the sea ice; (ii) fluid and gas exchanges at the sea ice interface through an often permeable sea ice cover; and (iii) tight physical, biological and chemical interactions between the sea ice, the ocean and the atmosphere. Photosynthetic micro-organisms in sea ice thrive in liquid brine inclusions encased in a pure ice matrix, where they find suitable light and nutrient levels. They extend the production season, provide a winter and early spring food source, and contribute to organic carbon export to depth. Under-ice and ice edge phytoplankton blooms occur when ice retreats, favoured by increasing light, stratification, and by the release of material into the water column. In particular, the release of iron - highly concentrated in sea ice - could have large effects in the iron-limited Southern Ocean. The export of inorganic carbon transport by brine sinking below the mixed layer, calcium carbonate precipitation in sea ice, as well as active ice-atmosphere carbon dioxide (CO₂) fluxes, could play a central role in the marine carbon cycle. Sea ice processes could also significantly contribute to the sulphur cycle through the large production by ice algae of dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP), the precursor of sulphate aerosols, which as cloud condensation nuclei have a potential cooling effect on the planet. Finally, the sea ice zone supports significant ocean-atmosphere methane (CH₄) fluxes, while saline ice surfaces activate springtime atmospheric bromine chemistry, setting ground for tropospheric ozone depletion events observed near both poles. All these mechanisms are generally known, but neither precisely understood nor quantified at large scales. As polar regions are rapidly changing, understanding the large-scale polar marine biogeochemical processes and their future evolution is of high priority. Earth system models should in this context prove essential, but they currently represent sea ice as biologically and chemically inert. Palaeoclimatic proxies are also relevant, in particular the sea ice proxies, inferring past sea ice conditions from glacial and marine sediment core records and providing analogues for future changes. Being highly constrained by marine biogeochemistry, sea ice proxies would not only contribute to but also benefit from a better understanding of polar marine biogeochemical cycles

show abstract

Section: Inorganic Carbon Dynamicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Gas Tracersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Inorganic Carbon Dynamicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Role of sea ice in global biogeochemical cycles: emerging views and challenges

Vancoppenolle

Meiners

Michel

et al. 2013

Quaternary Science Reviews

212

215

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…the formation/dissolution of calcium carbonate (CaCO 3 · 6 H 2 O) within brine (Dieckmann et al, 2008;Fischer et al, 2013;Marion, 2001;Papadimitriou et al, 2004;Rysgaard et al, 2013), which leads to an increase/decrease in brine pCO 2 , thus changing the potential for CO 2 exchanges at the ice surface (Geilfus et al, 2012;Miller et al, 2011b;Sogaard et al, 2013); 3. CaCO 3 · 6 H 2 O being observed in brine-soaked snow at the snow-ice interface Nomura et al, 2013).…”

Section: Thermochemical Carbon Processes In the Icementioning

confidence: 99%

Winter observations of CO<sub>2</sub> exchange between sea ice and the atmosphere in a coastal fjord environment

et al. 2015

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. Eddy covariance observations of CO 2 fluxes were conducted during March-April 2012 in a temporally sequential order for 8, 4 and 30 days, respectively, at three locations on fast sea ice and on newly formed polynya ice in a coastal fjord environment in northeast Greenland. CO 2 fluxes at the sites characterized by fast sea ice (ICEI and DNB) were found to increasingly reflect periods of strong outgassing in accordance with the progression of springtime warming and the occurrence of strong wind events: F ICE1 CO 2 = 1.73 ± 5 mmol m −2 day −1 and F DNB CO 2 = 8.64 ± 39.64 mmol m −2 day −1 , while CO 2 fluxes at the polynya site (POLYI) were found to generally reflect uptake F POLY1 CO 2 = −9.97 ± 19.8 mmol m −2 day −1 . Values given are the mean and standard deviation, and negative/positive values indicate uptake/outgassing, respectively. A diurnal correlation analysis supports a significant connection between site energetics and CO 2 fluxes linked to a number of possible thermally driven processes, which are thought to change the pCO 2 gradient at the snow-ice interface. The relative influence of these processes on atmospheric exchanges likely depends on the thickness of the ice. Specifically, the study indicates a predominant influence of brine volume expansion/contraction, brine dissolution/concentration and calcium carbonate formation/dissolution at sites characterized by a thick sea-ice cover, such that surface warming leads to an uptake of CO 2 and vice versa, while convective overturning within the sea-ice brines dominate at sites characterized by comparatively thin sea-ice cover, such that nighttime surface cooling leads to an uptake of CO 2 to the extent permitted by simultaneous formation of superimposed ice in the lower snow column.

show abstract

“…[56][57][58] In addition, physical forcing and changes in UV light influence the chemical and biological processes involved in the production of DMS and CO 2 . [59,60] As Arctic sea ice retreat continues, anthropogenic pressure on polar systems will increase. An increase in ship traffic (see Ship plumes section below) and resource development will elevate pollutant loading from sulfur, nitrogen oxides and black carbon emissions, influencing atmospheric and sea-ice albedo, and tropospheric chemistry.…”

Section: Sea-ice Biogeochemistry and Interactions With The Atmospherementioning

confidence: 99%

Evolving research directions in Surface Ocean - Lower Atmosphere (SOLAS) science

Law¹,

Breviere²,

Leeuw³

et al. 2013

Environ. Chem.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Environmental context. Understanding the exchange of energy, gases and particles at the ocean-atmosphere interface is critical for the development of robust predictions of, and response to, future climate change. The international Surface Ocean-Lower Atmosphere Study (SOLAS) coordinates multi-disciplinary oceanatmosphere research projects that quantify and characterise this exchange. This article details five new SOLAS research strategies -upwellings and associated oxygen minimum zones, sea ice, marine aerosols, atmospheric nutrient supply and ship emissions -that aim to improve knowledge in these critical areas.Abstract. This review focuses on critical issues in ocean-atmosphere exchange that will be addressed by new research strategies developed by the international Surface Ocean-Lower Atmosphere Study (SOLAS) research community. Eastern boundary upwelling systems are important sites for CO 2 and trace gas emission to the atmosphere, and the proposed research will examine how heterotrophic processes in the underlying oxygen-deficient waters interact with the climate system. The second regional research focus will examine the role of sea-ice biogeochemistry and its interaction with atmospheric chemistry. Marine aerosols are the focus of a research theme directed at understanding the processes that determine their abundance, chemistry and radiative properties. A further area of aerosol-related research examines atmospheric nutrient deposition in the surface ocean, and how differences in origin, atmospheric processing and composition influence surface ocean biogeochemistry. Ship emissions are an increasing source of aerosols, nutrients and toxins to the atmosphere and ocean surface, and an emerging area of research will examine their effect on ocean biogeochemistry and atmospheric chemistry. The primary role of SOLAS is to coordinate coupled multi-disciplinary research within research strategies that address these issues, to achieve robust representation of critical ocean-atmosphere exchange processes in Earth System models.

show abstract

Calcium carbonate as ikaite crystals in Antarctic sea ice

Cited by 220 publications

References 14 publications

Role of sea ice in global biogeochemical cycles: emerging views and challenges

Role of sea ice in global biogeochemical cycles: emerging views and challenges

Winter observations of CO<sub>2</sub> exchange between sea ice and the atmosphere in a coastal fjord environment

Evolving research directions in Surface Ocean - Lower Atmosphere (SOLAS) science

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Calcium carbonate as ikaite crystals in Antarctic sea ice

Cited by 220 publications

References 14 publications

Role of sea ice in global biogeochemical cycles: emerging views and challenges

Role of sea ice in global biogeochemical cycles: emerging views and challenges

Winter observations of CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; exchange between sea ice and the atmosphere in a coastal fjord environment

Evolving research directions in Surface Ocean - Lower Atmosphere (SOLAS) science

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Winter observations of CO<sub>2</sub> exchange between sea ice and the atmosphere in a coastal fjord environment