Calcium carbonate and ammonium polyphosphate flame retardant additives formulated to protect ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer against fire: Hydrated or carbonated calcium?

Abstract

In this study, the effect of the chemical nature of different calcium (Ca)‐based minerals as flame retardant additives in combination with ammonium polyphosphate (APP), in 1:1 proportions, on the flame retardancy behavior and performance of ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer was discussed. Combining APP with partly and completely hydrated calcium oxide led to superior flame‐retardant function detected in mass loss calorimeter measurements with respect to the corresponding system containing carbonated calcium. This privileged character was attributed to the higher reactivity of hydrated Ca‐based fillers toward APP in comparison with Ca carbonate, which induced the formation of an intumescent residue. The difference between reactivity potential of hydrated and dry Ca was demonstrated by the newly formed thermally stable species, and further evidenced by thermogravimetric analysis performed on APP/fillers blends. Moreover, the presence of more crystalline domains in the Ca/phosphorus‐based compounds was evidenced by XRD analysis of the mass loss calorimeter test residues. The results of this work highlight the role of blend additive systems on the performance of flame retardancy of polymer materials.

Radiation crosslinked ethylene vinyl acetate composite with binary flame retardant: The improved performance and mechanisms

“…[8,9] Therefore, there is a simple method to improve the flame retardancy, that is, to study the synergistic flame retardancy between existing flame retardants. [10] Guo et al [11] studied four kinds of composite materials, namely EVA and ATH, EVA and ATH and molybdenum disulfide (MoS 2 ), EVA, ATH and graphene nanoflakes (GNPs), and EVA and all three components. Tensile test showed that EVA/ATH and EVA/ATH/MoS 2 compounds had almost the same results, while EVA/ATH/GNP compounds had higher mechanical properties.…”

Evaluating the use of calcium hydrogen phosphate dihydrate as a mineral‐based fire retardant for application in melamine‐urea‐formaldehyde (MUF)‐bonded wood‐based composite materials

“…The use of minerals as FR in various types of polymer‐based composite materials, including wood‐ and cellulose fiber‐based reinforced composites is well known 9‐11 . The use of mineral additives in engineered wood‐based composites products, a special group of composites manufactured by binding of wood strands, particles, fibers, or veneers and often using a thermosetting adhesive, 12,13 is less studied 14‐16 .…”