Calcium, Bone Strength and Fractures

Armas, Laura A.G.; Heaney, Robert P.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-374602-3.00019-5

Cited by 8 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Nevertheless, Warden et al among other authors have confirmed that SF susceptibility is directly related to skeletal properties, such as bone mass and size [1]. As previously mentioned, the mass refers to BMD, and the material properties involve the collagen and mineral components [1, 6, 7], the reason by which the biochemical profiles of these bone samples were analyzed through FTIR spectroscopy and FTIRIs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Bone strength is bone resistance to fracture. Currently, it is difficult to quantify what makes up the strength of the bone, but it is related to bone mass (amount of the bone) and bone structure (quality of the bone); the mass refers to the bone mineral density (BMD), and the bone structure denotes the bone structural and material properties [1, 6]. The bone structural properties include geometry and microarchitecture, whereas the material properties involve the mineral and collagen components [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterization of the Biological Fingerprint and Identification of Associated Parameters in Stress Fractures by FTIR Spectroscopy

Mata-Miranda

Guerrero-Ruiz

Gonzalez-Fuentes

et al. 2019

BioMed Research International

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Introduction The stress fractures (SFs) are a common condition in athletes and military recruits, characterized by partial fracture caused by repetitive applications of stresses that are lower than the stress required to fracture the bone in a single loading. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy gives information about the bone composition and also can determine the amount of a molecule. For this reason, the FTIR spectroscopy may be used as a tool for diagnosis of certain bone diseases related to the bone strength. In this research, we established the contributions of mineral and collagen properties to SF risk through FTIR spectroscopy, analyzing the biochemical profile differences between the healthy bone and the bone with an SF. Materials and Methods Previous written informed consent was obtained, and samples of the hip with an SF (n = 11) and healthy bone from the femur with traumatic fracture (n = 5) were obtained and analyzed employing FTIR spectroscopy and its biochemical mapping function. Then, using FTIR spectra and the map, the collagen content and ratios corresponding to matrix maturity, mineralization, carbonate substitution, acid phosphate substitution, and crystallinity were calculated. Moreover, a histopathological analysis through Masson's staining was conducted. Results The biochemical analysis showed that the bone with an SF presented a bone immaturity characterized by a higher content of collagen, lower matrix maturity, mineralization, carbonate and acid phosphate substitutions, and greater crystallinity compared to the healthy bone, being checked by the ratio analysis and biochemical mapping. Besides, Masson's stain showed a higher collagen content in the bone with an SF. Conclusions The bone with an SF presented alterations in its biochemical composition, showing bone immaturity, which broadens the panorama of the condition to investigate future treatments or prophylactic techniques.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of the Biological Fingerprint and Identification of Associated Parameters in Stress Fractures by FTIR Spectroscopy

Mata-Miranda

Guerrero-Ruiz

Gonzalez-Fuentes

et al. 2019

BioMed Research International

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“…High mechanical strength is important to protect patients with implants from fractures [193]. Titanium and some of its alloys have good mechanical properties, including high strength, a quite suitable elastic modulus, high fracture toughness and high fatigue strength [194].…”

Section: Comparison Of the Am Techniques And Materials Used For Metalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of AM Technologies for Metals in the Sector of Medical Implants

Buj-Corral

Tejo-Otero

Fenollosa-Artés

2020

Metals

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Additive manufacturing (AM) processes have undergone significant progress in recent years, having been implemented in sectors as diverse as automotive, aerospace, electrical component manufacturing, etc. In the medical sector, different devices are printed, such as implants, surgical guides, scaffolds, tissue engineering, etc. Although nowadays some implants are made of plastics or ceramics, metals have been traditionally employed in their manufacture. However, metallic implants obtained by traditional methods such as machining have the drawbacks that they are manufactured in standard sizes, and that it is difficult to obtain porous structures that favor fixation of the prostheses by means of osseointegration. The present paper presents an overview of the use of AM technologies to manufacture metallic implants. First, the different technologies used for metals are presented, focusing on the main advantages and drawbacks of each one of them. Considered technologies are binder jetting (BJ), selective laser melting (SLM), electron beam melting (EBM), direct energy deposition (DED), and material extrusion by fused filament fabrication (FFF) with metal filled polymers. Then, different metals used in the medical sector are listed, and their properties are summarized, with the focus on Ti and CoCr alloys. They are divided into two groups, namely ferrous and non-ferrous alloys. Finally, the state-of-art about the manufacture of metallic implants with AM technologies is summarized. The present paper will help to explain the latest progress in the application of AM processes to the manufacture of implants.

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“…Bone strength, which is a measure of the resistance to bone fracture [2], is determined by a composite summation of numerous skeletal characteristics that can be divided into four basic components: composition, microarchitecture, size, and shape (Fig. 1).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Radiofrequency echographic multi-spectrometry for the in-vivo assessment of bone strength: state of the art—outcomes of an expert consensus meeting organized by the European Society for Clinical and Economic Aspects of Osteoporosis, Osteoarthritis and Musculoskeletal Diseases (ESCEO)

et al. 2019

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PurposeThe purpose of this paper was to review the available approaches for bone strength assessment, osteoporosis diagnosis and fracture risk prediction, and to provide insights into radiofrequency echographic multi spectrometry (REMS), a non-ionizing axial skeleton technique.MethodsA working group convened by the European Society for Clinical and Economic Aspects of Osteoporosis and Osteoarthritis met to review the current image-based methods for bone strength assessment and fracture risk estimation, and to discuss the clinical perspectives of REMS.ResultsAreal bone mineral density (BMD) measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is the consolidated indicator for osteoporosis diagnosis and fracture risk assessment. A more reliable fracture risk estimation would actually require an improved assessment of bone strength, integrating also bone quality information. Several different approaches have been proposed, including additional DXA-based parameters, quantitative computed tomography, and quantitative ultrasound. Although each of them showed a somewhat improved clinical performance, none satisfied all the requirements for a widespread routine employment, which was typically hindered by unclear clinical usefulness, radiation doses, limited accessibility, or inapplicability to spine and hip, therefore leaving several clinical needs still unmet. REMS is a clinically available technology for osteoporosis diagnosis and fracture risk assessment through the estimation of BMD on the axial skeleton reference sites. Its automatic processing of unfiltered ultrasound signals provides accurate BMD values in view of fracture risk assessment.ConclusionsNew approaches for improved bone strength and fracture risk estimations are needed for a better management of osteoporotic patients. In this context, REMS represents a valuable approach for osteoporosis diagnosis and fracture risk prediction.

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Calcium, Bone Strength and Fractures

Cited by 8 publications

References 48 publications

Characterization of the Biological Fingerprint and Identification of Associated Parameters in Stress Fractures by FTIR Spectroscopy

Characterization of the Biological Fingerprint and Identification of Associated Parameters in Stress Fractures by FTIR Spectroscopy

Development of AM Technologies for Metals in the Sector of Medical Implants

Radiofrequency echographic multi-spectrometry for the in-vivo assessment of bone strength: state of the art—outcomes of an expert consensus meeting organized by the European Society for Clinical and Economic Aspects of Osteoporosis, Osteoarthritis and Musculoskeletal Diseases (ESCEO)

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